维纳斯码头 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	维纳斯码头
品名（英）	Venus Marina
入馆年号	1940年，40.14.7
策展部门	欧洲雕塑和装饰艺术（European Sculpture and Decorative Arts）
创作者	Girolamo Campagna【1549 至 1625】【意大利人】
创作年份	公元 1585 - 公元 1599
创作地区
分类	雕塑青铜（Sculpture-Bronze）
尺寸	整体 confirmed: 16 3/8 × 5 1/2 × 4 1/2 英寸 (41.6 × 14 × 11.4 厘米)
介绍（中）	该作品源自威尼斯马西亚纳图书馆栏杆上的一尊超真人大小的伊斯特拉石雕像，由吉罗拉莫·坎帕尼亚在 1588 年至 1590 年间执行（第 00 页，图 75a）。[1]这座雕像以及坎帕尼亚及其同时代人为图书馆栏杆创作的许多其他纪念性雕塑显然被认为是免费使用的模型，并在很长一段时间内被威尼斯的不同私人铸造厂复制为各种尺寸和不同程度的忠实程度的小青铜器。由于这些青铜器是基于 16 世纪主要雕塑家的设计，因此即使执行质量不高，它们也非常吸引人。它们是迅速生产的大众商品，主要用作火狗和其他实用物品的表面人物。为了便于生产，小雕像通常由已经存在的青铜器铸造而成，就像在这种情况下，这似乎是后铸件的后铸件。[2]现在的青铜器在技术上比猫更专业。75，但死记硬背的外观和"更清洁"的合金说明了以后的制造日期。正如Peta Motture所指出的那样，旧模型在十九世纪的威尼斯在Angelo Giordani，Michelangelo Guggenheim和Giuseppe Michieli经营的铸造厂中复制。[3]因此，几乎不可能说像维纳斯码头这样的威尼斯青铜器是什么时候制造的。 -CKG 脚注（有关缩短参考文献的关键，请参阅大都会艺术博物馆艾伦、意大利文艺复兴和巴洛克青铜器的参考书目。纽约：大都会艺术博物馆，2022。 1. 见第75类，注1。 2. R. Stone/TR，2009 年 6 月 17 日。 3. 《动机》2003年，第291页。
介绍（英）	The composition derives from an over-lifesize statue of Istrian stone on the balustrade of the Libreria Marciana in Venice, executed by Girolamo Campagna between 1588 and 1590 (p. 00, fig. 75a).[1] This statue and the many other monumental sculptures created by Campagna and his contemporaries for the library balustrade were obviously considered free-use models and were replicated as small bronzes in various sizes and with varying degrees of faithfulness by different private foundries in Venice over a long period. Since these bronzes are based on the designs of the leading sculptors of the sixteenth century, they can be very appealing even when the execution is not of high quality. They were rapidly produced mass commodities used mostly as the surmounting figures of firedogs and other utilitarian objects. To facilitate production, the statuettes were often cast from already existing bronzes, as in this case, which seems to be the after-cast of an after-cast.[2] The present bronze is technically more expert than cat. 75, but the rote appearance and the “cleaner” alloy speak for a later date of manufacture. As pointed out by Peta Motture, old models were reproduced in Venice during the nineteenth century at foundries such as those run by Angelo Giordani, Michelangelo Guggenheim, and Giuseppe Michieli.[3] It is therefore virtually impossible to say when Venetian bronzes such as this Venus Marina were made. -CKG Footnotes (For key to shortened references see bibliography in Allen, Italian Renaissance and Baroque Bronzes in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2022.) 1. See cat. 75, note 1. 2. R. Stone/TR, June 17, 2009. 3. Motture 2003, p. 291.