叉 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	叉
品名（英）	Fork
入馆年号	1948年，48.187.214
策展部门	欧洲雕塑和装饰艺术（European Sculpture and Decorative Arts）
创作者	Louis Nicolle【1636 至 1724】
创作年份	公元 1683 - 公元 1684
创作地区
分类	金属制品银（Metalwork-Silver）
尺寸	长: 7 1/8 英寸 (18.1 厘米)
介绍（中）	餐饮习惯在十七世纪迅速发展。叉子在本世纪初在法国投入使用;配对叉子和勺子的概念，被称为couvert，直到本世纪下半叶才出现。刀具仅在 1600 年代末才加入 couvert，稍晚于这种叉子和勺子的制造。它们的制造日期为 1683-84 年，使它们成为匹配叉子和勺子的早期例子，它们是这一时期罕见的幸存者。路易十四统治时期的白银并不大量存在，因为其中大部分被熔化，以便政府重新用作货币。从1689年开始，路易十四颁布了一系列法令，要求没收白银;由此产生的新硬币被用来支付他的军队并补充枯竭的国库。此外，不再流行的银片经常被熔化，以便熔融金属可以以最新的口味重新塑造。因此，由于政治和时尚的需求，许多白银已经丢失。
介绍（英）	Dining habits evolved rapidly in the seventeenth century. Forks came into use in France in the early part of the century; the concept of a matched fork and spoon, known as a couvert, did not appear until the second half of the century. Knives joined the couvert only at the very end of the 1600s, slightly after this fork and spoon were made. Their date of manufacture, 1683–84, makes them early examples of a matching fork and spoon, and they are rare survivals of this period. Silver from the reign of Louis XIV does not exist in large quantities, since much of it was melted down in order to be reused as currency by the government. Beginning in 1689, Louis XIV issued a series of edicts that called for the confiscation of silver; the resulting new coinage was used to pay his armies and to replenish a depleted treasury. In addition, pieces of silver no longer in style frequently were melted down so that the molten metal could be refashioned in the latest taste. Thus, much silver has been lost due to the demands of both politics and fashion.