缓冲箱 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	缓冲箱
品名（英）	Snuffbox
入馆年号	1948年，48.187.419
策展部门	欧洲雕塑和装饰艺术（European Sculpture and Decorative Arts）
创作者	Daniel Govaers (or Gouers)【1681 至 1766】【法国人】
创作年份	公元 1734 - 公元 1735
创作地区
分类	金属制品黄金和铂金（Metalwork-Gold and Platinum）
尺寸	整体: 1 × 3 1/4 × 2 3/8 英寸 (2.5 × 8.3 × 6 厘米)
介绍（中）	直到1715年路易十四去世后，鼻烟的使用才在法国流行起来，众所周知，他不赞成这种习惯。当这个金盒子生产出来的时候，吸食鼻烟已经成为一种重要而复杂的社会仪式。它不仅有礼仪规则，而且装着烟草粉的盒子也成为了非常受欢迎和显眼的配件，可以用来说明一个人的品味和财务状况。赫斯特·萨尔和她的好朋友塞缪尔·约翰逊从英国访问巴黎时写道："我们今天哪儿也没去，只去了一家叫小敦刻尔克的玩具店；我买了一两个小饰品，渴望有一个精致漂亮的鼻烟盒。"。只有非常富有的人才买得起金盒子，而像这样镶有钻石的金盒子是所有盒子中最贵的成本高昂的盒子通常是一种谨慎的支付方式，因为收件人可以选择将盒子退还给出售它的珠宝商，并将其兑换成现金。金盒子通常是法国君主为了奖励对宫廷的服务而赠送的，盒子的价值取决于接受盒子的人的地位和所提供服务的程度。外国大使经常收到国王赠送的昂贵的金盒子这个方框是一个特别详细的例子；花纹装饰质量非常高，盖子和正面大量使用了镶嵌钻石。它有丹尼尔·古尔斯（Daniel Gouers，又名戈瓦尔斯）的标志，他是18世纪初杰出的金匠之一，在表圈上刻下了"Gouers a Paris"。盒子是洛可可风格的早期例子，在这里可以看到抽象滚动主题的突出使用，盖子中央装饰的不对称性，以及盒子形状的起伏轮廓。
介绍（英）	The use of snuff did not become fashionable in France until after the death in 1715 of Louis XIV, who was known to disapprove of the habit. By the time this gold box was produced, the taking of snuff was an important and elaborate social ritual. Not only were there rules of etiquette for it but the boxes that contained the powdered tobacco became highly desirable and visible accessories, serving as statements about both one's taste and one's financial status. While visiting Paris from England with her great friend Samuel Johnson, Hester Thrale wrote, "We went nowhere to day but to the Great Toy Shop called the Petit Dunkerque; I bought a Trinket or two, & longed for a Snuffbox of exquisite beauty."[1] Boxes were produced at all levels of artistic skill and expense. Only the very rich could afford gold boxes, and gold boxes set with diamonds, such as this one, were the most expensive of all. Boxes of significant cost often served as discreet forms of payment, as the recipient had the option of returning the box to the jeweler who had sold it and exchanging it for cash. Gold boxes were commonly given by the French monarch to reward service to his court, and the value of the box depended on the status of the person receiving it and the degree of service supplied. Foreign ambassadors were frequent recipients of expensive gold boxes from the king. This box is a particularly elaborate example; the chased decoration is of very high quality, and inset diamonds have been liberally employed on the lid and front. It bears the mark of Daniel Gouers (also known as Govaers), one of the preeminent goldsmiths of the early eighteenth century, who inscribed "Gouers a Paris" on the bezel. The box is an early example of the Rococo style, seen here in the prominent use of abstract scrolling motifs, the asymmetry of the central decoration on the lid, and the undulating profile of the box's shape.