侧椅 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	侧椅
品名（英）	Side chair
入馆年号	2013年，2013.22.2
策展部门	美国之翼（The American Wing）
创作者	D. Phyfe & Son【1840 至 1847】【美国人】
创作年份	公元 1841
创作地区	制造于: 美国, 纽约, 纽约（Made in: United States, New York, New York）
分类
尺寸	32 1/2 x 17 1/8 x 18 1/2 英寸 (82.6 x 43.5 x 47 厘米)
介绍（中）	这把侧椅及其对（见2013.22.1）最初是米尔福德双人客厅的一大套红木家具的一部分，米尔福德是1839-41年为约翰·劳伦斯·曼宁（1816-1889）和苏珊·汉普顿（1816-1845）在南卡罗来纳州克拉伦登县（现萨姆特）种植园建造的一座宏伟的希腊复兴式豪宅。背面的埃及莲花穿孔、细长的比例以及拱形徽章和下背部栏杆的无缝成型，体现了这一时期古典复兴和哥特式复兴设计的融合。曼宁很可能是从D.Phyfe&；1840年访问纽约时的儿子。根据发票和运输记录，在1841年至1842年间，D.Phyfe&；儿子为他的新住宅的客厅、餐厅、门厅和卧室提供了数量惊人的红木、桃花心木和胡桃木家具。博物馆收藏了米尔福德客厅的相关靠窗座位（见2006.400）米尔福德的宏伟及其内部和家具的优雅与曼宁在南北战争前南方作为种植园主、奴隶和政治家的角色密不可分。曼宁曾在南卡罗来纳州众议院和参议院任职，1852-5年成为该州第六十五任州长。根据1860年美国联邦人口普查，曼宁除了在南卡罗来纳州拥有土地外，还通过婚姻在路易斯安那州拥有了相当大的甘蔗种植园，在那里他奴役了600多人。曼宁从这些人的无偿劳动中获利颇丰，这反过来又使他能够开展如此雄心勃勃的建筑运动。一旦建成，房子华丽的内部、庄园场地和农场由曼宁在米尔福德被奴役的大约30人维护米尔福德被列入国家历史名胜名录，并被公认为国家历史地标。它目前归美国古典住宅保护信托所有。
介绍（英）	This side chair and its pair (see 2013.22.1) were originally part of a large suite of rosewood furniture made for the double parlor at Millford, a magnificent Greek Revival mansion built for John Laurence Manning (1816–1889) and Susan Hampton (1816–1845) on their Clarendon (now Sumter) County, South Carolina plantation in 1839–41. The Egyptian lotus piercing in the back splat, slender proportions and seamless shaping of the arched crest and lower back rails illustrates the blending of Classical- and Gothic Revival designs of the period. Manning likely ordered the furniture from D. Phyfe & Son during an 1840 visit to New York. According to invoices and shipping records, between 1841 and 1842, D. Phyfe & Son supplied an astonishing quantity of rosewood, mahogany, and walnut furnishings for the parlors, dining room, entrance hall, and bedchambers of his new residence. The Museum has a related window seat from Millford’s parlors (see 2006.400) in its collection. The grandeur of Millford and elegance of its interiors and furnishings cannot be separated from Manning’s role as a plantation owner, enslaver, and politician in the Antebellum South. Manning served in the South Carolina House of Representatives and Senate before becoming the state’s sixty-fifth governor from 1852–54. In addition to his landholdings in South Carolina, through his marriage, Manning came to own sizeable sugar plantations in Louisiana on which he enslaved over 600 people, according to the 1860 U. S. Federal Census. Manning profited immensely from the unpaid labor of these individuals, which in turn enabled him to embark on such an ambitious building campaign. Once constructed, house’s ornate interiors and the estate grounds and farm were maintained by the approximately thirty people Manning held in bondage at Millford. Millford is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is recognized as a National Historic Landmark. It is currently owned by the Classical American Homes Preservation Trust.