狮子女（一对之一） - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	狮子女（一对之一）
品名（英）	Lioness (one of a pair)
入馆年号	1988年，1988.294.2
策展部门	欧洲雕塑和装饰艺术（European Sculpture and Decorative Arts）
创作者	Meissen Manufactory【1710 至现在】【德国人】
创作年份	公元 1727 - 公元 1737
创作地区
分类	陶瓷-瓷器（Ceramics-Porcelain）
尺寸	整体 (confirmed): 19 x 29 7/8 x 13 英寸 (48.3 x 75.9 x 33 厘米); Pedestal: 45 x 34 x 21 英寸 (114.3 x 86.4 x 53.3 厘米)
介绍（中）	这只母狮和它的一对（1988.294.1）属于有史以来最雄心勃勃的陶瓷委员会之一。它们是1730年代为德累斯顿皇家宫殿之一日本宫生产的150种哺乳动物和300种鸟类之一。这个瓷动物动物园是为萨克森州统治者奥古斯都大帝（1670–1733）制作的，奥古斯都大帝于1710年建立了迈森工厂。从未有人尝试过这种规模的瓷雕塑，各种缺陷——尤其是烧制裂缝——表明了这种规模的瓷器建模和烧制的难度。开发了一种特殊的陶瓷糊，动物在建模后但在烧制前（800摄氏度）必须干燥长达三个月，以免在窑中爆炸。然后给动物上釉，并在更高的温度（1400摄氏度）下再次烧制，此时物体的尺寸缩小了约六分之一。虽然这些瓷雕塑的颜色是自然的，但它们不能进行第三次烧制，所以它们被涂上了随着时间的推移几乎消失的油画颜料雄狮的蓝色铸造可能是由于三个因素之一：在釉料中添加少量钴，以减少瓷浆的黄色色调；在制备釉料的工厂中钴的残留物；或者在还原窑（其中去除了氧气）中会变成蓝色的铁粉的存在这两只狮子是大都会收藏的迈森瓷器的基石，于1988年从爱尔兰图利纳利城堡的朗福德伯爵收藏中获得。
介绍（英）	This lioness and its pair (1988.294.1) belong to one of the most ambitious ceramic commissions of all time. They were among the 150 mammals and 300 birds produced in the 1730s for one of the Dresden royal palaces known as the Japanese Palace. This menagerie of porcelain animals was made for the ruler of Saxony, Augustus the Strong (1670–1733), who had established the Meissen factory in 1710. No one had ever attempted porcelain sculpture on this scale, and the various imperfections – notably the firing cracks – indicate the degree of difficulty in modeling and firing porcelain objects of this scale. A special ceramic paste was developed and the animals had to dry for up to three months after they were modeled but before firing (at 800 degrees C) in order that they not explode in the kiln. The animals were then glazed and subjected to another firing at a much higher temperature (1400 Centigrade), at which time the objects shrunk in size by approximately one sixth. While these porcelain sculptures were intended to be colored naturalistically, they could not be subjected to a third firing, so they were painted with oil paints that have mostly disappeared over time. The bluish cast to the male lion is likely due to one of three factors: the addition of a small amount of cobalt to the glaze in order to reduce the yellow hue of the porcelain paste; residue of cobalt in the mills where the glaze was prepared; or the presence of iron dust which would turn blue in a reduction kiln (where oxygen was removed). These two lions, cornerstones of the Metropolitan’s superb holdings of Meissen porcelain, were acquired in 1988 from the collection of the Earl of Longford at Tullynally Castle in Ireland.