侧椅 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	侧椅
品名（英）	Side chair
入馆年号	1994年，1994.529
策展部门	欧洲雕塑和装饰艺术（European Sculpture and Decorative Arts）
创作者	Christopher Dresser【1834 至 1904】【英国、苏格兰人】
创作年份	公元 1865 - 公元 1875
创作地区
分类	木工家具（Woodwork-Furniture）
尺寸	整体: 25 × 25 英寸 (63.5 × 63.5 厘米)
介绍（中）	这把乌木椅子带有镀金切割装饰，反映了 19 世纪下半叶家具装饰和结构的变化。设计改革者呼吁减少重雕家具。本世纪中叶家具典型的自然主义或建筑衍生装饰被认为是不道德的、谬误的和花哨的——它也很难清洁，因为它会积聚灰尘和污垢。浅层切割装饰被认为更合适。大多数装饰有胶合机器雕刻元素的商业家具都受到设计改革者的反感。查尔斯·洛克·东莱克（Charles Locke Eastlake）在努力改革家具设计和室内装饰中的"不良品味"时，谴责过度装饰和不必要的影响，提倡适合其装饰对象的装饰，并坚持使用最少量的装饰。虽然这把椅子展示了Eastlake所需的许多品质，但它也满足了其设计师Christopher Dresser所要求的条件。尽管德莱塞称东湖为"丑陋的使徒"，但偶尔他也会同意他的观点，并认为伊斯特莱克的畅销书《家庭品味的提示》（1868）值得一读。德莱泽还告诫沉重的雕刻，并在他的《装饰设计原理》（1873）中宣布，细节和装饰丰富必须服从整个作品。德莱塞在他1873年的出版物（图27）中将这把椅子描述为"以埃及椅子的方式"。他强调了结构的重要性，并评论说，一把设计合理的椅子可以让用户自信地坐着——这与包括Eastlake在内的许多当代例子不同。尽管德莱泽接受了这里展示的椅子的某些方面并不完全正确的立场，但他确实从风格和历史的角度批准了它。风格化的棕榈树和树叶反映了他对埃及图案和植物形式的兴趣。
介绍（英）	This ebonized chair with gilt, incised decoration reflects the changes in furniture ornamentation and construction that occurred in the second half of the nineteenth century. Design reformers called for a reduction of heavily carved furniture. Exuberantly rendered naturalistic or architecturally derived decoration that was typical of mid-century furniture was deemed immoral, fallacious, and gaudy–it was also difficult to clean since it trapped dust and dirt. Shallow, incised ornamentation was considered more appropriate. Most commercial furniture decorated with glued, machine-carved elements was objectionable to design reformers. In his effort to reform "bad taste" in furniture design and interior decoration, Charles Locke Eastlake condemned excessive decoration and unnecessary affectation, advocating ornamentation suitable to the object it adorns and insisting that the least amount of embellishment be employed. While this chair exhibits many of the qualities required by Eastlake, it also fulfills the conditions demanded by its designer, Christopher Dresser. Although Dresser had called Eastlake "the apostle of ugliness," occasionally he agreed with him and considered Eastlake's popular book, Hints on Household Taste (1868), worth reading. Dresser also admonished heavy carving and declared in his Principles of Decorative Design (1873) that details and decorative enrichment must be subordinate to the work as a whole. Dresser illustrated this chair in his 1873 publication (fig. 27) as "in the manner of an Egyptian chair." He stressed the importance of construction, commenting that a chair soundly designed allows the user to sit confidently–unlike many contemporary examples, including Eastlake's. Although Dresser accepted the position that some aspects of the chair illustrated here were not perfectly correct, he did approve of it from a stylistic and historical perspective. The stylized palmettes and foliage reflect his interest in Egyptian motifs as well as botanical forms.