[催眠术] - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	[催眠术]
品名（英）	[Hypnotism]
入馆年号	1999年，2005.100.76
策展部门	摄影（Photographs）
创作者	John Adams Whipple【1822 至 1891】【美国人】
创作年份	公元 1843 - 公元 1847
创作地区
分类	照片（Photographs）
尺寸	图像: 13.3 x 18.4 厘米 (5 1/4 x 7 1/4 英寸)
介绍（中）	在银版催眠的早期，欧洲和美国的知名医生广泛实践。虽然催眠术最终与黑魔法和超自然现象联系在一起，但科学界对这种现象的兴趣可以追溯到十六世纪后期。它的治疗用途既是一种麻醉形式，又可以治愈疾病，从 1830 年代就为人所知。1848年，氯仿的麻醉特性结束了催眠术的广泛传播，它很快又回到了边缘用途和庸医。这张奇特的银版照片显示，一名医生或操作员站着盯着相机，以及四名受试者，他们闭着眼睛坐着，双手紧握恳求。医生手掌拍打着男保姆的头，男保姆又与三名妇女的肘部相连。这张照片展示了磁睡眠的程序方法和医学理论，认为磁性液体从操作员散发到患者身上;通过它，建议可以直接向受试者的思想提出，也可以间接地通过身体上的思想提出。惠普尔的成分表明由人体细胞组成的电池;观众通过返回催眠师的目光来完成电路。波士顿科学家约翰·惠普尔（John Whipple）是美国银版打字员的首批化学品供应商之一。到1843年，出于健康原因，他放弃了制造过程，并确立了自己作为摄影师的地位。惠普尔最著名的是他在1849年至1851年间通过哈佛大学天文台的望远镜拍摄的月球的详细视图。
介绍（英）	During the early years of the daguerreotype hypnosis was extensively practiced by reputable physicians in Europe and America. Although hypnotism eventually became associated with black magic and the supernatural, scientific interest in the phenomenon dates back to the late sixteenth century. Its therapeutic use both as a form of anesthesia and as a cure for disease was known from the 1830s. In 1848 the anesthetic properties of chloroform ended wide spread medical practice of hypnotism, and it soon drifted back to marginal uses and quackery. This curious daguerreotype shows a doctor, or operator, standing and staring at the camera, and four subjects, seated with their eyes closed and hands clasped in supplication. The doctor palms the head of the male sitter, who in turn is linked elbow to elbow to the three women. The photograph demonstrates the procedural method and medical theory of magnetic sleep, which held that a magnetic fluid emanated from an operator to a patient; through it suggestions could be made directly to the subject's mind and indirectly through the mind upon the body. Whipple's composition suggests an electric battery made up of human cells; the viewer completes the circuit by returning the gaze of the hypnotist. John Whipple, a Boston scientist, was one of the first suppliers of chemicals to American daguerreotypists. By 1843, for health reasons, he had abandoned the manufacturing process and established himself as a photographer. Whipple is most celebrated for his detailed views of the moon taken between 1849 and 1851 through a telescope at the Harvard College Observatory.