[三K党] - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	[三K党]
品名（英）	[Ku Klux Klansman]
入馆年号	1999年，2005.100.615
策展部门	摄影（Photographs）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1867 - 公元 1871
创作地区
分类	照片（Photographs）
尺寸	8.1 x 4.9 厘米 (3 3/16 x 1 15/16 英寸)
介绍（中）	几乎在美国内战结束后，南方的前同盟者建立了数百个秘密社团，以反对激进的重建，并保持白人对解放的非裔美国人的至上地位。这些民团中最著名的是三K党，于1865年在田纳西州的普拉斯基组织。由于被剥夺了携带武器的权利，前同盟军士兵担心新武装的非裔美国人起义，他们分别在1868年和1870年在第十四和第十五修正案中获得了公民身份和投票权。三K党采用了奇怪的伪装，使用神秘的语言，并定期在夜间用火把袭击黑人社区。骑手们经常闷闷不乐地闷闷不乐地将自己隐藏在白色长袍和面具中（如图所示），冒充从战场上返回的同盟亡者的灵魂，困扰着那些以前被奴役的人。这个秘密组织在系统地使黑人选民远离民意调查方面非常有效，以至于前邦联在战争结束后的五年内重新获得了南方大部分州的政治控制权。这幅锡版画被认为是已知最早的三K党服装肖像之一，可能是在 1870 年之前制作的，这一天标志着三K党第一个中央组织的解散。事实证明，对美国黑人的阴险恐吓非常有效，以至于三K党的活动在1910年代之前基本上仍然是地下的。
介绍（英）	Almost immediately after the American Civil War, ex-Confederates in the South established hundreds of secret societies to oppose radical Reconstruction and to maintain white supremacy over liberated African Americans. The best-known of these vigilante societies was the Ku Klux Klan, organized in 1865 in Pulaski, Tennessee. Denied the right to bear arms, the former Confederate soldiers feared insurrection by newly armed African Americans who, in 1868 and 1870 respectively, would also be given citizenship and voting rights in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. The Klan adopted strange disguises, used mysterious language, and made regular nighttime horseback raids with fiery torches on Black communities. The riders often muffled their horses' hooves and concealed themselves in white robes and masks (seen here), posing as spirits of the Confederate dead returned from the battlefields to haunt those formerly enslaved. The clandestine organization was so effective in systematically keeping Black voters away from the polls that ex-Confederates regained political control in most of the Southern states within five years of the war's end. Believed to be one of the earliest known portraits of a Klansman in costume, this tintype was probably made before 1870, the date that marks the disbandment of the Klan's first central organization. The insidious intimidation of Black Americans had proven so effective that Klan activity remained largely underground until the 1910s.