美杜莎头像花瓶 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	美杜莎头像花瓶
品名（英）	Vase with Medusa's Head
入馆年号	2005年，2005.100.728
策展部门	摄影（Photographs）
创作者	William Henry Fox Talbot【1800 至 1877】【英国人】
创作年份	公元 1840
创作地区
分类	照片（Photographs）
尺寸	页: 6 7/8 × 8 7/8 英寸 (17.5 × 22.5 厘米)
介绍（中）	虽然通过直接接触物体绘制出的照片是Talbot的第一次成功，但他的摄影实验的动力来自于他捕捉暗箱中所见图像的愿望。这种光学装置发明于17世纪，在18世纪时被普遍用作绘图员的助手，它由一个装有透镜的木箱组成，可以投射出可以在薄纸上追踪的图像。1833年在科莫湖写生时，由于缺乏绘图员的能力而感到沮丧，塔尔博特回忆起十年前他使用暗箱相机时的情景，心想"如果能让这些自然图像持久地印在纸上，并保持在纸上，那该多迷人啊！" 雕塑和石膏是塔尔博特用暗箱相机进行摄影实验的理想对象；它们很好地反射太阳，在长时间曝光期间保持静止，以使透镜投影的图像记录在感光纸上。这样产生的相机图像在色调上是颠倒的——用塔尔博特的同事约翰·赫歇尔爵士的话来说，这是一张"底片"。为了制作一张"正面"图像，相机中制作的底片本身与上镜的绘图纸接触，并暴露在阳光下。尽管塔尔博特的过程有可能从一张底片上打印出数百张相同的照片，但他在1839年和1840年拍摄的照片中只打印了很少的正面照片。因此，这张照片是最早、最罕见的照片之一，是注定要在现代生活中弥漫的一个过程的初步开端 [MD；《梦醒》，第265页]
介绍（英）	Although photogenic drawings made from direct contact with objects constituted Talbot's first success, the impetus for his photographic experiments came from his desire to capture images seen in a camera obscura. This optical device, invented in the seventeenth century and in common use as a draftsman's aid by the eighteenth, consisted of a wooden box fitted with a lens that projected an image that could be traced on thin paper. Frustrated by his lack of facility as a draftsman as he sketched at Lake Como in 1833, Talbot recalled his use of a camera obscura a decade earlier and mused "how charming it would be if it were possible to cause these natural images to imprint themselves durably, and remain fixed upon the paper!" Sculpture and plaster casts were ideal subjects for Talbot's photographic experiments with the camera obscura; they reflected the sun well and remained motionless during the long exposures required for the lens-projected image to register on the sensitized paper. The camera image thus produced was tonally reversed--it was, in the words of Talbot's colleague Sir John Herschel, a "negative." To make a "positive" image, the negative made in the camera was itself placed in contact with photogenic drawing paper and exposed to sunlight. Although Talbot's process had the potential of producing hundreds of identical prints from a single negative, he printed very few positives of his 1839 and 1840 camera images. This print is thus one of the earliest and rarest of photographs, the tentative beginnings of a process destined to pervade modern life. [MD; Waking Dream, p. 265]