路缘石钻头 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	路缘石钻头
品名（英）	Curb Bit
入馆年号	1942年，42.50.493
策展部门	武器和盔甲（Arms and Armor）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 200 - 公元前 1
创作地区	可能制造于: 保加利亚（Possibly made in: Bulgaria）
分类	马术器械钻头（Equestrian Equipment-Bits）
尺寸	高 6 英寸 (15.2 厘米); 宽 5 1/2 英寸 (14 厘米); 重 1 磅 0.3 盎司 (462.1 g)
介绍（中）	该钻头的嘴由两个在中间铰接的纺锤形链环组成。它们的两侧连接着非常优雅的七弦琴形状的附件，用于缰绳的颧骨。两个柄上挂着缰绳挂钩，由一根用作路缘的水平杆连接，通过三个穿孔可在三个位置调节。当缰绳被拉回来时，路边的横杆会压住马的下巴。大型七弦琴形状的元件有助于指示马的方向，并将钻头固定在嘴里。这些颧骨的形状以及缰绳钩的灵感来源于希腊化的希腊和马其顿部分，它们就是从这些部分进化而来的这个物体也是最早发明的路缘石钻头的一个例子。公元前3世纪至1世纪，它似乎在巴尔干半岛的色雷斯人和斯科迪西人（东凯尔特人）文化中发展起来。这些人以其高超的马术而闻名，尤其是在战争中。这些碎片的例子也偶尔在公元前1世纪的一些西部凯尔特人墓葬中发现，但由于色雷斯和东凯尔特骑兵加入了军队，它们大多在征服期间传播在罗马领土上。路缘石实际上是军事技术的进步，因为它们让骑手只需一只手就可以很好地控制马匹，解放另一只手来拿武器即使这个比特据说是在佛罗伦萨发现的，它也可能是在巴尔干半岛制造的，然后可能是由一位东方血统的骑手带到意大利半岛的。
介绍（英）	The mouthpiece of this bit consists in two spindle-shaped links articulated in the middle. They are connected on either side to very elegant lyre-shaped attachments for the bridle's cheekpieces. The two shanks, from which hooks hang for the reins, are connected by a horizontal bar acting as a curb, adjustable in three positions by the means of three perforations. The curb bar would have pressed the horse’s chin when reins were pulled back. The large lyre-shaped elements helped indicate the direction to the horse and held the bit in place in the mouth. The shape of these cheekpieces, as well as the rein hooks, are inspired from Hellenistic Greek and Macedonian bits, from which they evolved. This object is also an example of the earliest type of curb bit to have been invented. It seems to have developed in the Balkans among Thracian and Scordisci (Eastern Celts) cultures between the 3rd and 1st century B.C. These populations were known for their great equestrian skills, especially at war. Examples of these bits have also been occasionally found in some western Celtic burials dated of the 1st century B.C., but they mostly spread in Roman territories during the conquest, thanks to the Thracian and East Celtic cavalrymen incorporated in the army. Curb bits were actually an improvement in military technology, since they allowed riders to have very good control of their horses with only one hand, freeing the other for holding a weapon. Even if this bit is said to have been found in Florence, it was probably made in the Balkans, and then possibly brought to the Italian peninsula by a rider of Eastern origin.