路缘石钻头 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	路缘石钻头
品名（英）	Curb Bit
入馆年号	1942年，42.50.497
策展部门	武器和盔甲（Arms and Armor）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 100 - 公元 100
创作地区	挖掘于: 可能是意大利（Excavated in: Possibly Italy）
分类	马术器械钻头（Equestrian Equipment-Bits）
尺寸	高 6 3/8 英寸 (16.2 厘米); 宽 6 英寸 (15.2 厘米); 重 1 磅 8.4 盎司 (691.7 g)
介绍（中）	该钻头的牙套由U形高口和两侧的小滚轮组成（缺少一个）。两侧的小青铜环系在缰绳上。两根青铜柄上挂着缰绳挂钩，由一根粗横杠连接，用作路缘石。当缰绳向后拉时，路边的横杆会压住马的下巴这个物体也是最早发明的路缘石钻头的一个例子。公元前3世纪至1世纪，它似乎在巴尔干半岛的色雷斯人和斯科迪西人（东凯尔特人）文化中发展起来。这些人以其高超的马术而闻名，尤其是在战争中。这些碎片的例子也偶尔在公元前1世纪的一些西部凯尔特人墓葬中发现，但由于色雷斯和东凯尔特骑兵加入了军队，它们大多在征服期间传播在罗马领土上。路缘石实际上是军事技术的进步，因为它们让骑手只需一只手就可以很好地控制马匹，解放另一只手来拿武器。至少从公元前1世纪开始，这种钻头就经常与一种杠杆式洞穴有关，称为psálion，这是一种有助于控制马匹的金属鼻带（参见大都会博物馆收藏的文献编号42.50.527）据说这个钻头是在意大利发现的。如果这是真的，它可能来自埋葬在那里的一位东方血统骑手的坟墓。
介绍（英）	The mouthpiece of this bit consists of a U-shaped high port and small rollers on both sides (one is missing). The small bronze rings on the sides were attached to the bridle. The two bronze shanks, from which hooks hang for the reins, are connected by a thick horizontal bar acting as a curb. The curb bar would have pressed the horse’s chin when the reins were pulled back. This object is also an example of the earliest type of curb bit to have been invented. It seems to have developed in the Balkans among Thracian and Scordisci (Eastern Celts) cultures between the 3rd and 1st century B.C. These populations were known for their great equestrian skills, especially at war. Examples of these bits have also occasionally been found in some western Celtic burials dating from the 1st century B.C., but they mostly spread in Roman territories during the conquest, thanks to the Thracian and East Celtic cavalrymen incorporated in the army. Curb bits were actually an improvement in military technology, since they allowed riders to have very good control of their horses with only one hand, freeing the other for holding a weapon. From at least the 1st century B.C., this kind of bit was often associated with a type of leverage cavesson, called a psálion, a metal noseband helping in the control of the horse (see acc. no. 42.50.527 in the Metropolitan Museum's collection). This bit is said to have been found in Italy. If true, it might have come from the tomb of a rider of Eastern origin buried there.