Snafle钻头 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	Snafle钻头
品名（英）	Snaffle Bit
入馆年号	1942年，42.50.500
策展部门	武器和盔甲（Arms and Armor）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 799 - 公元前 600
创作地区	原产国: 意大利（Country of Origin: Italy）
分类	马术器械钻头（Equestrian Equipment-Bits）
尺寸	高 5 3/4 英寸 (14.6 厘米); 宽 5 7/8 英寸 (14.9 厘米); 重 12.8 盎司 (362.9 g)
介绍（中）	Snafle钻头是最简单的一种马钻头，对肋骨（马下巴没有牙齿的部分）和唇角都有影响。这个钻头的牙套由一个单扭杆组成，末端有两个孔眼，其中一个孔眼仍然保持着用于固定缰绳的链环的碎片。在每一侧，牙套穿过一个形状像马的颧骨，其背面有两个环，用于将牙套连接到缰绳上。它们蹄子和鼻子上的眼珠被用来悬挂长长的装饰吊坠，吊坠上还保留着几个戒指这种钻头的灵感来自于在鲁里斯坦地区（伊朗）发现的当代近东地区，通常以动物为特征马在维拉诺万和伊特鲁里亚社会中有着巨大的价值。它们被用于军事和休闲目的，拥有它们是社会地位高的标志。马术用品，如缰绳甚至战车，经常存放在富人的坟墓里，死者希望在死后装备他们的战马。马也广泛存在于同一墓葬中的绘画、陶瓷和其他装饰物中。
介绍（英）	The snaffle bit is the simplest type of horse bit, and has an effect on the bars (part of the horses’ jaw without teeth) and the corners of the lips. The mouthpiece of this bit consists of a single twisted bar terminating in two eyelets, one still holding a fragment of the link for holding the reins. On each side, the mouthpiece passes through a cheekpiece shaped as a horse, featured with two rings on their back for attaching the bit to the bridle. Eyelets on their hooves and noses were used for hanging long decorative pendants, of which a few rings remain. This type of bit was inspired from contemporary Near Eastern examples, found in the Luristan region (Iran), and often featuring animals on their sides. Horses had a great value among Villanovan and Etruscan societies. They were used for military and leisure purposes, and possessing them was an indicator of high social status. Equestrian objects, like bridles or even chariots, were often deposited in the tombs of the wealthy individuals, the deceased hoping to equip their steeds in the afterlife. Horses are also widely present among the paintings, ceramics and other decorated objects found in the same burials.