图吊坠 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	图吊坠
品名（英）	Figure Pendant
入馆年号	1969年，69.7.10
策展部门	迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼（The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing）
创作者
创作年份	公元 900 - 公元 1600
创作地区	哥伦比亚（Colombia）
分类	金属装饰品（Metal-Ornaments）
尺寸	高 5 3/8 × 宽 6 5/8 × 深 2 英寸 (13.7 × 16.8 × 5.1 厘米)
介绍（中）	哥伦比亚北部圣玛尔塔内华达山脉的泰罗纳人制作的黄金作品强调体积和三维形式。这里展示的人物是一个名为caciques（"酋长"）的小团体的一部分，因为他们的外表艳丽、令人敬畏。仙人掌的高度从1英寸到6英寸不等，是柱前最壮观、最精细的黄金铸件之一。它们是中空的，通过在汤巴加的失蜡法铸造而成，以获得非凡的细节。背面的环表明它们是作为吊坠佩戴的仙人掌有两种类型：一种是完全人类的（如图所示）；另一个是类似的，但有蝙蝠或鳄鱼的头。两人都戴着巨大的头饰，有时和人物一样高，前面有两只大鸟和精致的侧饰。人头吊坠还有一个帽檐或王冠、一个肾形鼻饰、下唇的一个兔唇、盘头杆和耳垂上的新月形垂饰、一条项链、一条腰带和臂章。这些微小的装饰物展示了微小的细节，可以与泰罗纳陵墓中发现的全尺寸装饰物相媲美。无论是统治者的肖像、超自然祖先的画像，还是处于象征和精神转变状态的萨满（假设具有帮助动物的精神特征）的画像，这样一个强大的形象都只能由泰罗纳社会中强大的个人佩戴。
介绍（英）	Works in gold made by the Tairona people of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in north Colombia emphasize volume and three-dimensional form. The figure shown here is part of a small group called caciques ("chieftains") because of their flamboyant, awe-inspiring appearance. Caciques range from about one to six inches in height and are among the most spectacular and detailed Precolumbian gold castings. They are hollow, having been cast by the lost-wax method in tumbaga to achieve remarkable detail. Loops in back indicate that they were worn as pendants. There are two types of cacique: one is fully human (shown here); the other is similar but has the head of a bat or crocodile. Both wear enormous headdresses, sometimes as tall as the figures, with two large birds on the front and elaborate sidepieces. The human-headed pendant also has a visor or diadem, a kidney-shaped nose ornament, a labret in the lower lip, disk-headed rods and crescent-shaped dangles through the earlobes, a necklace, a belt, and armbands. The tiny ornaments display minute details and are comparable to full-size examples found in Tairona tombs. Whether a portrait of a ruler, a rendering of a supernatural ancestor, or a depiction of a shaman in the state of symbolic and spiritual transformation (assuming the features of a helping animal spirit), such a powerful image could only have been worn by individuals who were themselves powerful in Tairona society.