胸盘（髌骨） - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	胸盘（髌骨）
品名（英）	Pectoral Disk (Patena)
入馆年号	1977年，1977.187.28
策展部门	迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼（The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1000 - 公元 1600
创作地区	巴拿马（Panama）
分类	金属装饰品（Metal-Ornaments）
尺寸	高 8 1/4 × 宽 8 × 深 3/4 英寸 (21 × 20.3 × 1.9 厘米)
介绍（中）	锤击片状黄金制品的黄金含量通常高于铸造品，圆盘或胸甲在中美洲最常见。圆盘的大小从直径约4英寸到8英寸不等，通常在边缘有两个孔，这表明它们是作为胸饰佩戴的，可以固定在衣服或颈带上。许多胸盘，也被称为patenas，其简单性引人注目，表面抛光精美，反光性强，边缘周围只有一排排凸起的圆点作为装饰。另一些则有大的、中心间隔的凸台，如本例所示，有些则采用了复杂的图形设计。中美洲的金属工人在制造大多数黄金制品时，更喜欢用失蜡铸造，而不是锤击 16世纪初，克里斯托弗·哥伦布沿着现在的哥斯达黎加和巴拿马的加勒比海海岸航行时，他报告说看到印第安人脖子上戴着"镜子"。他可能指的是像镜子一样反射阳光的金圆盘。
介绍（英）	Works of hammered sheet gold are usually higher in gold content than are cast objects, and disks or breastplates are most commonly made from it in Central America. Ranging in size from about four to eight inches in diameter, the disks usually have two holes close to the edge, suggesting they were worn as chest ornaments, either fastened to a garment or neckband. Many pectoral disks, also called patenas, are striking in their simplicity, with brilliantly polished, highly reflective surfaces, their only decoration rows of raised dots around the rim. Others have large, centrally spaced bosses, as on this example, and some incorporate complex figural designs. Metalworkers in Central America favored lost-wax casting over hammering for the manufacture of most of their gold objects. In the early 1500s, when Christopher Columbus sailed along the Caribbean coast of present-day Costa Rica and Panama, he reported seeing the Indians wearing "mirrors" around their necks. It is possible that he was referring to the gold disks reflecting the sunlight like mirrors.