小urpu（罐子） - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	小urpu（罐子）
品名（英）	Small urpu (Jar)
入馆年号	1978年，1978.412.68
策展部门	迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼（The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1400 - 公元 1550
创作地区	秘鲁（Peru）
分类	陶瓷容器（Ceramics-Containers）
尺寸	高 8 5/8 x 宽 7 3/8 x 深 5 3/4 英寸 (21.9 x 18.8 x 14.6 厘米)
介绍（中）	在库斯科地区发展起来的最独特的印加陶瓷形式之一是所谓的库斯科瓶，也被称为芳巴洛，因为它与希腊的形式相似。芳巴洛（或克丘亚语中的urpus）的大小从4到45英寸不等，有大的球状腔室、尖的底座和带喇叭边缘的高颈。大型urpus被用于生产、储存和运输发酵玉米啤酒chicha以及其他食品。为了稳定起见，urpus的尖头底座允许将大型urpus放入土壤中。在腔室的肩部通常有一个中央凸耳，通常呈风格化的动物头部形状，如图所示。绳索穿过把手，固定在吊耳周围，以便搬运工背上携带。大多数库斯科酒瓶都在奶油色的背景上点缀着黑色和红色的多色几何滑条设计；具有代表性的图案很少。在这个例子中，房间的前半部分被分为几个垂直带，中心面板上有双十字和Z字形设计，由更宽的所谓khipu设计带框起来像现在这样的小型库斯科瓶子可能是用来装液体的，但它们也可能达到了还愿的目的，因为从厄瓜多尔北部沿海到智利中部的高山山峰，印加帝国的遥远地区的墓葬中都发现了包括微型瓶子在内的许多瓶子。
介绍（英）	One of the most distinctive Inca ceramic forms developed in the Cuzco area is the so-called Cuzco bottle, also known as an aryballo because of its similarity to the Greek form. Ranging in size from four to forty-five inches, aryballos (or urpus in Quechua) have big globular chambers, pointed bases, and tall necks with a flared rim. Large urpus were used for the production, storage, and transportation of chicha, a fermented corn beer, as well as other foods. The pointed base of urpus allowed large ones to be set into the earth for stability. On the shoulder of the chamber is usually a central lug, often in the shape of a stylized animal head, as seen here. Ropes were pulled through the handles and secured around the lug for carrying on the backs of porters. Most Cuzco bottles are embellished with polychrome geometric slip designs in black and red on a cream-colored background; representational motifs are rare. On this example, the front half of the chamber is divided into several vertical bands featuring double crosses and zigzag designs on the center panel framed by wider bands of so-called khipu designs. Smaller Cuzco bottles like the present one were probably used to serve liquids, but they may also have fulfilled a votive purpose since a number of them, including miniature ones, were found in burials in distant parts of the Inca empire, from northern coastal Ecuador to the high mountain peaks of central Chile.