Orufanran服装附件：羊头 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	Orufanran服装附件：羊头
品名（英）	Orufanran Costume Attachment: Ram Head
入馆年号	1991年，1991.17.123
策展部门	迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼（The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1600 - 公元 1897
创作地区	尼日利亚（Nigeria）
分类	骨头/象牙饰品（Bone/Ivory-Ornaments）
尺寸	高 5 7/8 × 宽 4 1/2 × 深 2 1/4 英寸 (14.9 × 11.4 × 5.7 厘米)
介绍（中）	这只矮小的象牙公羊的头构成了尼日利亚南部约鲁巴州奥沃统治者奥洛沃的宫廷王权的一部分。它是作为orufanran的装饰元素而创建的，orufanran是olowo和高级酋长在国家仪式期间佩戴的一种仪式合奏。奥鲁凡兰由一件覆盖着红色法兰绒鳞片的笨重外套或衬衫组成，上面镶嵌着人脸和鳄鱼、豹子和公羊头部的象牙图像。这套服装与酋长的军事职责有关，所描绘的动物以其力量和凶猛为特征并非巧合。 Owo是一个富裕的国家，与邻国贝宁王国有着密切的政治联系，以其象牙雕刻师的精湛技艺而闻名。尽管它的尺寸很小，但这种公羊的头部装饰着复杂的切割设计和深色镶嵌的木材。它的美学影响依赖于裸露和装饰表面的复杂相互作用。虽然枪口以线性凹槽和四叶形结（约鲁巴艺术中广泛使用的图案）为主，但前额呈现出平坦表面的宽阔通道，被方形和圆形的菱形打断。相对表面的相互作用沿着构成公羊面部的张开的角继续。角基部的深脊平衡了光滑的前额，而朴素的尖端抵消了枪口上的精致图案。
介绍（英）	This diminutive ivory ram's head constituted part of the courtly regalia of an olowo, the ruler of the Yoruba state of Owo in southern Nigeria. It was created as a decorative element of an orufanran, a type of ceremonial ensemble worn by the olowo and high-ranking chiefs during state ceremonies. Consisting of a bulky coat or shirt covered in red flannel scales, the orufanran was studded with ivory images of human faces and the heads of crocodiles, leopards, and rams. The outfit relates to the chief's military duties, and it is no coincidence that the animals depicted are those characterized by their strength and ferocity. A wealthy state with close political ties to the neighboring Benin kingdom, Owo was famed for the virtuosity of its ivory carvers. Despite its small size, this ram's head is richly embellished with intricate incised designs and dark inlaid wood. Its aesthetic impact relies on a sophisticated interplay of bare and adorned surfaces. While the muzzle is dominated by linear grooves and quatrefoil knots (a motif used extensively in Yoruba art), the forehead presents broad passages of flat surface interrupted by diamonds of squares and circles. The interaction of opposing surfaces continues along the spreading horns that frame the ram's face. Deep ridges on the horns' base balance the smooth forehead, while the unadorned tips offset the elaborate motifs on the muzzle.