俱乐部负责人 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	俱乐部负责人
品名（英）	Club Head
入馆年号	1996年，1996.373.3
策展部门	迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼（The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 1500 - 公元 1600
创作地区	巴布亚新几内亚（Papua New Guinea）
分类	石雕（Stone-Sculpture）
尺寸	宽 1 7/8 x 长 3 1/8 英寸 (4.8 x 7.9 厘米)
介绍（中）	已知最早的海洋雕塑作品是在新几内亚岛的不同地点出土的一系列古代石像，主要是在内陆的山区高地。迄今为止，还没有从安全的考古环境中挖掘出任何例子。虽然在一个例子中被困在裂缝中的有机物质最近可以追溯到公元前1500年，但这些数字的确切年代和年代学在其他方面缺乏。石雕分为三个基本类别：研钵、杵和独立人物。许多杵的顶部装饰着人头、鸟或鸟头的图像。迫击炮显示出类似的拟人化和鸟类图像以及几何图案。独立人物包括对人类、鸟类和的描绘，以及一些学者认为是针鼹（类似刺猬的多刺哺乳动物）的长鼻子动物。虽然这些石像的原始意义和功能仍然未知，但它们可能代表了图腾物种或祖先，并且可能被用于仪式环境。当当代新几内亚人民发现这些早期石雕时，通常被认为是超自然的起源，并在各种宗教环境中重复使用，从生育仪式到狩猎魔法和巫术。
介绍（英）	The earliest known works of Oceanic sculpture are a series of ancient stone figures unearthed in various locations on the island of New Guinea, primarily in the mountainous highlands of the interior. To date, no examples have been excavated from a secure archaeological context. Although organic material trapped within a crack in one example has recently been dated to 1500 B.C., firm dating and chronology for the figures are otherwise lacking. The stone sculptures fall into three basic categories: mortars, pestles, and freestanding figures. The tops of many pestles are adorned with images of human heads, birds, or bird's heads. The mortars display similar anthropomorphic and avian imagery as well as geometric motifs. Freestanding figures include depictions of humans, birds, and phalluses, as well as long-nosed animals that some scholars identify as echidnas (spiny mammals resembling hedgehogs). While the original significance and function of these stone images remain unknown, they possibly represent totemic species or ancestors and were likely used in ritual contexts. When found by contemporary New Guinea peoples, these early stone sculptures are often thought to be of supernatural origin and are reused in a variety of religious contexts, from fertility rituals to hunting magic and sorcery.