环形钻头 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	环形钻头
品名（英）	Ring Bit
入馆年号	1936年，36.25.557
策展部门	武器和盔甲（Arms and Armor）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1801 - 公元 1900
创作地区	原产国: 可能是尼日尔（Country of Origin: possibly Niger）
分类	马术器械钻头（Equestrian Equipment-Bits）
尺寸
介绍（中）	这个钻头的刀柄和牙套上装饰着图阿雷格族珠宝中典型的切割和镀银装饰。图阿雷格人是柏柏尔人，主要是游牧民族，生活在撒哈拉中部地区。在这种干旱的气候下养马传统上只留给富人，例如政治和宗教领袖。事实上，与包括骆驼在内的牲畜在野外觅食相反，这些地区的马需要由人类喂养特殊的饮食，因此护理费用更高。因此，马在图阿雷格人中具有很高的社会价值，经常用昂贵且装饰精美的马钉装饰，比如这一点环形钻头是一种坚固的工具，其特点是牙链被附在吹口顶部的环所取代，环绕着马的下颚。当拉缰绳时，戒指会压住马敏感的下巴。作为伊斯兰世界的典型，环形钻头在阿拉伯存在期间被引入西班牙，然后由西班牙人为他们的轻骑兵保留（用于genette或jineta骑行风格）。在西班牙征服期间被带到新大陆，直到19世纪末，它们在许多拉丁美洲国家也被广泛使用。
介绍（英）	The shanks and the mouthpiece of this bit are decorated with incised and silver plated ornaments typical of Tuareg jewelry. The Tuareg are a Berber population, mostly nomadic, living in the central Saharan region. Owning a horse in this arid climate was traditionally reserved to wealthy people, for example political and religious chiefs. Indeed, contrary to the livestock, including camels, which can find their food in the wild, horses in these regions need to be fed a special diet by humans, and thus are more expensive to care of. Therefore, horses have a high social value among the Tuareg and are often adorned with expensive and highly decorated horse tack like, this bit. The ring bit is a strong instrument distinguished by the fact that the curb chain is replaced by a ring attached at the top of the mouthpiece, going around the horse’s lower jaw. The ring would press the sensitive chin of the horse when the reins are pulled. Typical of the Islamic world, ring bits were introduced to Spain during the Arab presence, and then kept by the Spaniards for their light cavalry (used in the genette or jineta riding style). Brought into the New World during the Spanish conquest, they were also commonly used in many Latin American countries until the late 19th century.