治疗卷轴 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	治疗卷轴
品名（英）	Healing Scroll
入馆年号	2011年，2011.377
策展部门	迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼（The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1800 - 公元 1897
创作地区	埃塞俄比亚（Ethiopia）
分类	羊皮纸（Parchment）
尺寸	宽 3 1/2 x 长 75 英寸 (8.9 x 190.5 厘米)
介绍（中）	埃塞俄比亚的治疗卷轴使用书面祈祷和护身符图像来对抗导致疾病的恶魔。这卷轴由四张羊皮纸制成，羊皮纸来自一种祭祀仪式上的动物。卷轴的准备和观看同样是愈合过程的重要组成部分。这个例子中的护身符以红色、黑色和绿色的组合呈现，其粗略、圆润的轮廓为作品提供了整体线性的简单性。在最上面的护身符中，一个年轻、没有胡须的圣人骑着一匹饲养的马。他裸露的脚趾缠绕在埃塞俄比亚的脚趾马镫上，他以基督胜利骑士的姿势将矛向上指向。圣徒的形象在埃塞俄比亚基督教艺术中很受欢迎，因为它们与精神干预有关。这个例子可以说明圣特沃德罗斯，他通常被描绘成骑着一匹红马。在中央的面板中，一个正面摆出的大天使——可能是迈克尔——穿着条纹长袍，右手高举一把剑。根据埃塞俄比亚东正教教会的说法，迈克尔可以强迫恶魔永久离开他们的人类宿主。交替的面孔和几何图案的棋盘图案构成了最终的护身符。结合祈祷，由两根相交的白色棒形成的X图案有助于解除咒语。克里斯汀·温德穆勒-卢娜
介绍（英）	Ethiopian healing scrolls use written prayers and talismanic imagery to combat demons that cause illness. This scroll was constructed from four pieces of parchment sourced from a ritually sacrificed animal. The preparation and viewing of the scroll are equally vital parts of the healing process. The talismans on this example are rendered in washes of red, black, and green, their sketchy, rounded outlines lending the work an overall linear simplicity. In the uppermost talisman, a youthful, beardless saint rides a rearing horse. His bare toes wrap around an Ethiopian toe stirrup as he points his spear upward in the pose of the victorious knight of Christ. Images of saints were popular in Ethiopian Christian art for their association with spiritual intervention. This example may illustrate Saint Tewodros, who was commonly depicted astride a red horse. In the central panel, a frontally posed archangel—likely Michael—wears a striped robe and holds a sword aloft in his right hand. According to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, Michael can force demons to permanently leave their human hosts. A checkerboard motif of alternating faces and geometric patterns forms the final talisman. In combination with prayers, the X-motifs formed by two intersecting white rods aid in the undoing of spells. Kristen Windmuller-Luna