楔形文字碑：魏德纳上帝名单的碎片 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	楔形文字碑：魏德纳上帝名单的碎片
品名（英）	Cuneiform tablet: fragment of the Weidner God List
入馆年号	1886年，86.11.357
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 500 - 公元前 1
创作地区
分类
尺寸	2 3/8 英寸 × 2 3/4 英寸 × 1 英寸 (6 × 7 × 2.5 厘米)
介绍（中）	大约在公元前3300年，文字的发明是行政技术的许多发展之一，包括使用几何代币进行计数和使用圆柱印章来保证交易，这些发展伴随着美索不达米亚南部第一批城市和州的发展。原始楔形文字是最早的书写形式的名称——在泥板上绘制的象形文字。渐渐地，象形文字被抽象成楔形文字（拉丁语，"楔形"）标志，这些标志是印象而非绘画的。从叙利亚地中海沿岸到伊朗西部，从赫梯-安纳托利亚到美索不达米亚南部，楔形文字的使用范围最广。它被改编成至少15种不同的语言。最后一个确定日期的楔形文字的日期对应于公元75年，尽管该文字可能在接下来的两个世纪里继续使用这块泥板碎片是一个系列的一部分，该系列列出了美索不达米亚许多主要和次要神的名字。这个神表似乎最初是在古巴比伦时期发展起来的，也许是为了帮助追踪不同城邦认可的无数神，但在后来的时期，它可以用来帮助学生学习楔形文字。文本上的每个条目从左到右，都以"神"（苏美尔丁格尔）的标志开头，由两个水平的楔形物和一个垂直的楔形物组成。在这个片段中，传奇英雄吉尔伽美什的名字被包括在内，并被赋予了神性的标志。
介绍（英）	The invention of writing in approximately 3300 B.C. was one of many developments in administrative technology--including the use of geometric tokens for counting and cylinder seals to guarantee transactions--that accompanied the growth of the first cities and states in southern Mesopotamia. Proto-cuneiform is the name given to the earliest form of writing--pictograms that were drawn on clay tablets. Gradually, the pictograms became abstracted into cuneiform (Latin, "wedge-shaped") signs that were impressed rather than drawn. At its greatest extent, cuneiform writing was used from the Mediterranean coast of Syria to western Iran and from Hittite Anatolia to southern Mesopotamia. It was adapted to write at least fifteen different languages. The last dated cuneiform text has a date corresponding to A.D. 75, although the script probably continued in use over the next two centuries. This fragment of a clay tablet was part of a series that listed the names of many Mesopotamian deities, both major and minor. It seems that this god list originally developed in the Old Babylonian period, perhaps to help keep track of the myriad gods recognized by different city-states, but in later periods it could be used to help students learn cuneiform writing. Each entry on the text, which reads from left to right, begins with the sign for "deity" (Sumerian dingir), made up of two horizontal wedges followed by one vertical wedge. In this fragment, the name of the legendary hero Gilgamesh is included, and given the marker of divinity.