带有柄柄的方形斑块密封 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	带有柄柄的方形斑块密封
品名（英）	Square plaque seal with stalk handle
入馆年号	1893年，93.17.111
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 1820 - 公元前 1740
创作地区
分类
尺寸	Seal Face: 1.17 x 1.17 厘米高: 1.69 厘米 String Hole: 0.3 厘米
介绍（中）	印章于公元前6千年首次出现在美索不达米亚北部，并在整个古代近东地区独家使用，直到公元前4千年后半叶圆柱印章的创新。公元前3千年和2千年，圆柱印章是美索不达米亚首选的行政工具。在公元前1千年，印章再次被行政阶层所采用。在安纳托利亚，印章占主导地位，直到古亚述时期（约公元前2000-1700年），安纳托利亚人才在行政实践中使用圆柱印章。与圆柱形密封件一样，印章密封件可以由各种当地和外来的石头、金属甚至粘土制成。它们被直接压印在药片、器皿和其他粘土物体上，并被用于密封储存容器和门的粘土大泡上。印章背面或手柄穿孔，有时会穿孔，以便于佩戴和处理物品。印章本身的形状以及刻在其脸上的图案展示了广泛的历时和区域性的埃及创新。印章的形状可能很简单，但也有许多更复杂的例子，一些印章被描绘成动物或人形。印章表面雕刻的图像从简单的几何图案到精心制作的人类和神圣图像。保护性能可能归因于材料本身和雕刻设计。印章对研究古代近东艺术很重要，因为每个时期都有许多印章，因此有助于确定时间阶段。它们经常保存不再存在于任何其他媒介中的图像，作为风格和图像学的视觉编年史展示了印章的现代印象，从而可以看到整个设计。这枚方形印章由黑色赤铁矿雕刻而成，有一个水平的罗纹把手，顶部有一个穿孔的环。雕刻的图像是一只坐着的山羊，前腿抬起，头向后转向一条鱼。山羊身体的条纹图案在其他动物描绘中很常见，把手的罗纹处理也是如此。就像在库尔特佩发现的大多数印章一样，它可能是在安纳托利亚古亚述时期的后半段（公元前1830-1700年）使用的
介绍（英）	Stamp seals first appeared in northern Mesopotamia during the 6th millennium and were exclusively used throughout the ancient Near East until the innovation of the cylinder seal in the second half of the 4th millennium BC. Cylinder seals were the preferred administrative tool in Mesopotamia during the 3rd and 2nd millennia B.C. and in the 1st millennium B.C., stamp seals were once again adopted by the administrative classes. In Anatolia, stamp seals predominated and it was only during the Old Assyrian Period (ca. 2000-1700 BCE) that Anatolians used cylinder seals in their administrative practices. Like cylinder seals, stamp seals could be made from a variety of local and exotic stones as well as metal and even clay. They were impressed directly upon tablets, vessels, and other clay objects, and used on clay bullae that were used to seal storage containers and doors. Stamp seals exhibit either perforated backs or handles, sometimes with perforation, for ease in wearing and handling the objects. The shapes of the seals themselves as well as the motifs carved into their faces demonstrate a wide range of diachronic and regional glyptic innovation. Stamps seals could be simple in shape, but there are numerous examples of more complex shapes and some stamp seals were rendered as animals or human figures. The images carved into the seal face itself ranged from simple geometric patterns to elaborate scenes of human and divine images. Protective properties may have been ascribed to both the material itself and the carved designs. Seals are important to the study of ancient Near Eastern art because many examples survive from every period and can, therefore, help to define chronological phases. Often preserving imagery no longer extant in any other medium, they serve as a visual chronicle of style and iconography. The modern impression of the seal is shown so that the entire design can be seen. This square seal, carved from black hematite, has a horizontally ribbed handle topped by a perforated loop. The carved image is of a seated goat with one foreleg raised and its head turned backward toward a fish. The striated pattern of the goat’s body is common in other depictions of animals, as is the ribbed treatment of the handle. Like most of the stamp seals discovered at Kültepe, it was probably used during the latter part of the Old Assyrian period in Anatolia (1830-1700 B.C.)