葬礼救济 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	葬礼救济
品名（英）	Funerary relief
入馆年号	1901年，01.25.5
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 150 - 公元 200
创作地区	来自于: （From: ）
分类
尺寸	16 7/16 × 10 7/16 × 7 3/4 英寸 (41.7 × 26.5 × 19.7 厘米)
介绍（中）	铭文： 1 马利库，所以 2 扎巴，[...] 或（儿子）巴尔['ateh？音译： 1 mlkw b[r] 2 zbʾ br[ʿth]这种浮雕是公元前三个世纪繁荣的商队城市巴尔米拉的一种葬礼纪念碑，带有死者代表和简短识别铭文的浮雕被用来密封精心装饰的公共坟墓中的墓位; 那些半长或半身像格式的人在公元 65 年后的某个时候开始流行。浮雕描绘了一个没有胡须的年轻人或男孩，穿着垂坠的衣服，可能是希腊风格的束腰外衣，领口有装饰性边框。他左手拿着一个浅碗，上面有菱形图案的表面，上面刻着高浮雕;拇指完全在圆形中建模。他的表情很平静，尽管他的眼睛的大尺寸以及每只眼睛的虹膜和钻孔的瞳孔强调了他目光的强度。泪管显示在内角，每只眼睛上方的切口线标记着眉毛。他的头发被描绘成一排统一的波浪卷发，像帽子一样覆盖他的头，结束于耳朵上方。浮雕的背景是空白的，除了他头部左侧的帕尔米林阿拉姆语铭文，上面写着他的名字和血统。浮雕用柔软的当地石灰石雕刻而成，显示出磨损迹象，包括鼻子和嘴巴的损伤，尽管嘴唇的轮廓仍然存在。脸颊、下巴和喉咙线条的造型表明年轻饱满。从风格上讲，浮雕可以追溯到公元 150-200 年左右，这可以从人物的无胡须、眼睛的雕刻方式以及他所持有的属性类型中得到证明。
介绍（英）	Inscription: 1 Maliku, so[n of] 2 Zaba, son of [ ...] or (son of) Bar[‘ateh?] Transliteration: 1 mlkw b[r] 2 zbʾ br[ʿth] This relief is a type of funerary monument characteristic of the prosperous caravan city of Palmyra during the first three centuries A.D. Reliefs with a representation of the deceased and a short identifying inscription were used to seal burial niches in elaborately decorated communal tombs; those with a half-length or bust format became prevalent sometime after A.D. 65. The relief depicts a beardless young man or boy dressed in a draped garment, probably a Greek-style tunic, with a decorative border at the neckline. He holds a shallow bowl with a diamond-patterned surface in his left hand, carved in high relief; the thumb is modeled completely in the round. His expression is serene, although the intensity of his gaze is emphasized by the large size of his eyes, and the incised iris and drilled pupil of each eye. Tear ducts are indicated at the inner corners, and an incised line above each eye marks the eyebrows. His hair is depicted as a row of uniform wavy curls that cover his head like a cap, ending above the ears. The background of the relief is blank except for an inscription in Palmyrene Aramaic to the left of his head giving his name and lineage. Carved in soft local limestone, the relief shows signs of wear including damage to the nose and mouth, although the outline of the lips remains. The modeling of the cheeks, chin, and the lines across the throat suggest a youthful fullness. Stylistically, the relief can be dated to around 150-200 A.D., evidenced by the figure’s beardlessness, the manner in which the eyes are carved, and the type of attribute he holds.