葬礼救济 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	葬礼救济
品名（英）	Funerary relief
入馆年号	1901年，01.25.6
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 200 - 公元 273
创作地区	来自于: （From: ）
分类
尺寸	21 1/4 × 18 3/8 × 7 5/8 英寸 (54 × 46.7 × 19.4 厘米)
介绍（中）	这种浮雕是公元前三个世纪繁荣的商队城市巴尔米拉的一种葬礼纪念碑，带有死者代表和简短识别铭文的浮雕被用来密封精心装饰的公共坟墓中的墓位;那些半长或半身像格式的人在公元65年之后的某个时候开始流行。这里展示的是一个高浮雕的大胡子男人的上半身，他直接面向观众，穿着被称为himation的希腊斗篷，穿在Chiton或束腰外衣上，像吊索一样缠绕在右臂上。用柔软的当地石灰石雕刻而成，半身像的下部已经磨损，手也不再可辨，因此无法分辨左手是否握着属性。浮雕的背景已被打破，但很可能用Palmyrene Aramaic刻有死者的姓名和血统。他的上眼睑是建模的，切开的圆圈标记了每只眼睛的虹膜。在眉毛的切口线上方，额头上有水平沟壑的褶皱，营造出严肃而小心翼翼的表情。目光不是与观众的目光相遇，而是延伸到远方。这名男子的短发被描绘成一团波浪形的头发，像帽子一样覆盖他的头，在他突出的耳朵上方结束。他的胡须用一个轮廓示意性地表示，用短笔填充。浮雕在风格上可以追溯到公元 200-273 年左右，因为用于雕刻胡须的独特技术。
介绍（英）	This relief is a type of funerary monument characteristic of the prosperous caravan city of Palmyra during the first three centuries A.D. Reliefs with a representation of the deceased and a short identifying inscription were used to seal burial niches in elaborately decorated communal tombs; those with a half-length or bust format became prevalent sometime after A.D. 65. Shown here is the upper body of a bearded man in high relief who faces directly toward the viewer, dressed in a Greek cloak known as a himation, worn over a chiton, or tunic, and wrapped around the right arm like a sling. Carved in soft local limestone, the lower part of the bust has been worn away and the hands are no longer discernible, making it impossible to tell whether an attribute is held in the left hand. The background of the relief has been broken away, but was likely inscribed in Palmyrene Aramaic with the name and lineage of the deceased. His upper eyelids are modeled, and incised circles mark the iris of each eye. Above the incised line of the eyebrows, the forehead is creased with horizontal furrows, creating a stern and careworn expression. The gaze does not meet the viewer’s but extends far into the distance. The man’s short hair is depicted as a mass of wavy locks that cover his head like a cap, ending above his protruding ears. His beard is schematically indicated by an outline, filled in with short strokes. The relief can be stylistically dated to around 200-273 A.D. because of the distinctive technique used to carve the beard.