葬礼救济 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	葬礼救济
品名（英）	Funerary relief
入馆年号	1902年，02.29.2
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 150 - 公元 200
创作地区	来自于: （From: ）
分类
尺寸	20 1/2 英寸 × 17 英寸 × 8 1/2 英寸 (52.1 × 43.2 × 21.6 厘米)
介绍（中）	这种浮雕是公元前三个世纪繁荣的商队城市巴尔米拉的一种葬礼纪念碑，带有死者代表和简短识别铭文的浮雕被用来密封精心装饰的公共坟墓中的墓位;那些半长或半身像格式的人在公元65年之后的某个时候开始流行。这里展示的是一个高浮雕的无胡子男人的上半身，他直接面向观众，穿着被称为himation的希腊斗篷，穿在Chiton或束腰外衣上，像吊索一样缠绕在右臂上。衣服的褶皱雕刻在棱角分明的脊上。他左手拿着一个小东西，大概是书卷，小指上戴着戒指。最初，浮雕的背景可能用Palmyrene Aramaic刻有死者的姓名和血统，尽管现在它是空白的，表面粗糙，表明它可能已被擦除以准备重复使用。肉质的下巴和下巴，以及嘴巴周围深深的垂直皱纹，将死者描述为中年人。他的上眼睑是建模的，雕刻的圆圈标志着每只眼睛的虹膜。浓眉之上，额头上布满了水平的沟壑，营造出严肃的表情。目光不是与观众的目光相遇，而是延伸到远方。这名男子的短发被描绘成一团波浪形的头发，像帽子一样覆盖他的头，在他突出的耳朵上方结束。表面的碎屑和裂缝是由于使用了柔软的当地石灰石。浮雕在风格上可以追溯到公元 150-200 年左右，因为人物没有胡须，面部特征和衣服褶皱的处理。
介绍（英）	This relief is a type of funerary monument characteristic of the prosperous caravan city of Palmyra during the first three centuries A.D. Reliefs with a representation of the deceased and a short identifying inscription were used to seal burial niches in elaborately decorated communal tombs; those with a half-length or bust format became prevalent sometime after A.D. 65. Shown here is the upper body of a beardless man in high relief who faces directly toward the viewer, dressed in a Greek cloak known as a himation, worn over a chiton, or tunic, and wrapped around the right arm like a sling. The folds of the garment are carved in angular ridges. He holds a small object in his left hand, probably a schedula (book roll), and wears a ring on the little finger. Originally, the background of the relief was probably inscribed in Palmyrene Aramaic with the name and lineage of the deceased, although it is now blank with a rough surface that suggests it may have been erased in preparation for reuse. The fleshy chin and jaw, together with deep vertical wrinkles around the mouth, characterize the deceased as middle-aged. His upper eyelids are modeled, and carved circles mark the iris of each eye. Above the thick eyebrows, the forehead is creased with horizontal furrows, creating a stern expression. The gaze does not meet the viewer’s but extends far into the distance. The man’s short hair is depicted as a mass of wavy locks that cover his head like a cap, ending above his protruding ears. Chips and cracks in the surface are due to the use of soft local limestone. The relief can be stylistically dated to around 150-200 A.D. because of the figure’s beardlessness, and the treatment of the facial features and the garment folds.