带有曼陀罗铭文的咒语碗 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	带有曼陀罗铭文的咒语碗
品名（英）	Incantation bowl with Mandaic inscription
入馆年号	1932年，32.150.89
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 5
创作地区
分类
尺寸	3 5/16 × 7 3/8 × 7 3/8 英寸 (8.4 × 18.7 × 18.7 厘米)
介绍（中）	这个碗由红色的浅黄色器皿制成，里面有一个同心圆的黑色曼达铭文。它是在Ctesiphon地区的Taq-i Kisra宫殿浴场中挖掘出来的。 Ctesiphon市位于底格里斯河东岸，位于伊拉克现代巴格达以南20英里（32公里）处。它作为帕提亚人和萨珊人的首都繁荣了 800 多年，这是在七世纪伊斯兰征服之前统治古代近东的最后两个王朝。1928-29年，由德国东方学会（Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft）赞助的探险队在Ctesiphon地区进行了系统的挖掘。大都会艺术博物馆和柏林国家博物馆在 1931-32 年间进行了一次为期一个季节的联合探险。进行了几次挖掘，包括在主宫殿（Taq-i Kisra），在Tell Dheb宫殿以南的一个小防御工事区，在Ma'aridh土丘上的多栋房屋，以及在一个名为um ez-Za'tir的小土丘上的其他房屋。 Ctesiphon地区最著名的是萨珊国王Khusrau I（在位531-79）建造的皇宫。它的接待大厅被命名为Taq-i Kisra（"Khusrau的宝座"），以其84英尺（26米）高的抛物线桶形拱顶而闻名。宫殿不仅仅是接待大厅，宫殿建筑群包括许多建筑物。Ctesiphon探险队在接待大厅附近挖掘，南面是一座用作宫殿或宗教建筑的大型建筑，西面是一座带有多个水景的建筑群。这座宫殿建筑群以其精致的灰泥浮雕、马赛克装饰和丝绸地毯和宝石等奢华装饰而闻名于当代文献。在Taq-i Kisra以西约230英尺（70米）的一个小土丘上进行挖掘，揭示了一座大型建筑物内的几个水装置，包括水渠，粘土管，一口井和一个可能的矩形水池。萨珊王朝的建筑被后来的伊斯兰建筑破坏，使得解释变得困难。挖掘机建议这座建筑用作皇家浴室。后来的解释表明，由于琐罗亚斯德教的萨珊宫廷宗教中水的宗教意义，这可能是一座仪式建筑。
介绍（英）	This bowl made of a reddish buff ware has a Mandaic inscription painted in black in concentric circles in its inside. It was excavated in the Bath of the Palace of the Taq-i Kisra in the Ctesiphon area. The city of Ctesiphon was located on the east bank of the Tigris River, 20 miles (32 km) south of modern Baghdad in Iraq. It flourished for more than 800 years as the capital of the Parthians and the Sasanians, the last two dynasties to rule the ancient Near East before the Islamic conquest in the seventh century. Systematic excavations in the Ctesiphon area were undertaken by an expedition in 1928–29 sponsored by the German Oriental Society (Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft). The Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Staatliche Museen, Berlin, undertook a joint expedition for one season in 1931–32. Several excavations were conducted, including at the main palace (Taq-i Kisra), in a small fortified area south of the palace at Tell Dheheb, at multiple houses at the mounds of Ma’aridh, and at additional houses at a small mound called Umm ez-Za’tir. The Ctesiphon area is most famous for the royal palace built by the Sasanian king Khusrau I (r. 531–79). Named Taq-i Kisra ("Throne of Khusrau") its reception hall is known for its 84 foot (26m) high parabolic barrel vault. The palace was more than just the reception hall and the palace complex included numerous buildings. The Ctesiphon Expedition excavated near the reception hall, to the south at a large building used as a palace, or a religious building, and to the west at a complex with several water features. The palace complex was famous in contemporary texts for its elaborate stucco reliefs, mosaic decorations and lavish decorations such as silk carpets and precious stones. Excavations on a small mound approximately 230 feet (70 m) to the west of the Taq-i Kisra revealed several water installations inside a large building including water channels, clay pipes, a well, and a possible rectangular pool. The Sasanian levels of the building were damaged by later Islamic construction making interpretation difficult. The excavators proposed that this building functioned as a royal bath house. Later interpretations have suggested that this may be a ritual building due the religious significance of water in the Sasanian court religion of Zoroastrianism.