梅斯头 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	梅斯头
品名（英）	Mace head
入馆年号	1938年，38.40.364
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 4505 - 公元前 2900
创作地区
分类
尺寸	2.52 英寸 (6.4 厘米)
介绍（中）	这个石制狼牙棒头，现在已经断了，最初应该被固定在木轴上。缺乏装饰表明它本质上是纯粹的功能。它于1937年在伊朗东北部尼沙布尔附近的一个史前遗址被挖掘出来。虽然尼沙布尔本身是由萨珊国王沙普尔一世（约公元 241-272 年在位）建立的，但这个物体表明那里的人类居住可以追溯到史前时期。此外，来自尼沙布尔的史前陶器与中亚的陶瓷材料密切相关，而不是与伊朗的当代遗址密切相关，这意味着在这一时期，其居民可能在文化上与东部的邻居联系在一起。事实上，1904年在土库曼斯坦的阿瑙出土了一个非常相似的石狼牙棒头。尼沙布尔位于后来被称为大呼罗珊路的地方，这表明它是贸易网络的一部分，促进了青金石、红玉髓和绿松石等宝石从中亚进口到美索不达米亚。
介绍（英）	This stone mace head, now broken, would have originally been affixed to a wooden shaft. The lack of decoration suggests it was purely functional in nature. It was excavated in 1937 at a prehistoric site in the vicinity of Nishapur in northeastern Iran. While Nishapur itself was founded by the Sasanian king Shapur I (reigned ca. A.D. 241-272), this object shows that human habitation there goes back to the prehistoric period. Furthermore, the prehistoric pottery from Nishapur has close affinities with ceramic materials from Central Asia rather than with contemporary sites in Iran, meaning that in this period its inhabitants were likely culturally linked to their neighbors to the east. Indeed, a very similar stone mace head was excavated at Anau in Turkmenistan in 1904. Nishapur’s location on what later became known as the Great Khorasan Road suggests that it was part of the trade network that facilitated the import of precious stones such as lapis lazuli, carnelian and turquoise from Central Asia to Mesopotamia.