圆柱印章和现代印象：跪在树边的弓箭手和山羊 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	圆柱印章和现代印象：跪在树边的弓箭手和山羊
品名（英）	Cylinder seal and modern impression: kneeling archer and goats flanking tree
入馆年号	1943年，43.102.33
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 1000 - 公元前 900
创作地区
分类
尺寸	1.71 英寸 (4.34 厘米)
介绍（中）	尽管早在公元前七千年，雕刻的石头就被用来在粘土上压印印记，但公元前四千年，可以在粘土上滚动的雕刻圆柱体的发明使得印章设计更加复杂。这些最初在美索不达米亚使用的圆筒形印章，作为所有权或身份的标志。印章要么印在用来关闭罐子、门和篮子的粘土块上，要么印在记录商业或法律交易信息的泥板上。这些印章通常由宝石制成。保护性财产可能归因于材料本身和雕刻图案。印章对古代近东艺术的研究很重要，因为每个时期都有许多印章，因此，印章可以帮助确定时间阶段。通常保存的图像不再存在于任何其他媒介中，它们作为风格和图像的视觉编年史此气缸密封件由沥青制成。展示了印章的现代印象，从而可以看到整个设计。这张图片显示了两只瘦的野山羊——可以从它们弯曲的角上辨认出来——它们位于一个中心元素的侧面，可能是一棵风格化的树。山羊的左边是一位跪着射箭的弓箭手。他上方是星爆，下方是飞鸟这枚印章没有很好的相似之处，因此很难确定日期。来自乔加·赞比勒（Choga Zanbil）和哈桑鲁（Hasanlu）的海豹身上也出现了类似的阳光，这棵风格化的树似乎来自晚期的卡斯特（Kassite）和中伊兰特（Middle Elamite）古埃及（glyptic），这表明其年代为公元前10世纪这枚海豹是在苏尔赫·杜姆（Surkh Dum）发掘的，该遗址位于伊朗西部扎格罗斯山脉的卢里斯坦（Luristan）。它被发现在一个被解释为圣所的结构中，因此很可能是献给上帝的祭品。
介绍（英）	Although engraved stones had been used as early as the seventh millennium B.C. to stamp impressions in clay, the invention in the fourth millennium B.C. of carved cylinders that could be rolled over clay allowed the development of more complex seal designs. These cylinder seals, first used in Mesopotamia, served as a mark of ownership or identification. Seals were either impressed on lumps of clay that were used to close jars, doors, and baskets, or they were rolled onto clay tablets that recorded information about commercial or legal transactions. The seals were often made of precious stones. Protective properties may have been ascribed to both the material itself and the carved designs. Seals are important to the study of ancient Near Eastern art because many examples survive from every period and can, therefore, help to define chronological phases. Often preserving imagery no longer extant in any other medium, they serve as a visual chronicle of style and iconography. This cylinder seal is made of bitumen. The modern impression of the seal is shown so that the entire design can be seen. The image shows two attenuated ibexes – identifiable from their curved horns – flanking a central element, probably a stylized tree. To the left of the ibexes is a kneeling archer drawing a bow. Above him is a starburst and below a flying bird. There are no good parallels for this seal, and consequently it is difficult to date. The sunburst is paralleled on seals from Choga Zanbil and Hasanlu, and the stylized tree seemingly derives from late Kassite and Middle Elamite glyptic, suggesting a date in the 10th century B.C. This seal was excavated at Surkh Dum, a settlement site in Luristan in the Zagros Mountains of western Iran. It was found in a structure interpreted as a sanctuary and was thus probably an offering to a god.