气缸密封和现代印象：文化宴会场景 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	气缸密封和现代印象：文化宴会场景
品名（英）	Cylinder seal and modern impression: cultic banquet scene
入馆年号	1943年，43.102.36
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 1000 - 公元前 800
创作地区
分类
尺寸	1.18 英寸 (3 厘米)
介绍（中）	尽管早在公元前七千年，雕刻的石头就被用来在粘土上压印印记，但公元前四千年，可以在粘土上滚动的雕刻圆柱体的发明使得印章设计更加复杂。这些最初在美索不达米亚使用的圆筒形印章，作为所有权或身份的标志。印章要么印在用来关闭罐子、门和篮子的粘土块上，要么印在记录商业或法律交易信息的泥板上。这些印章通常由宝石制成。保护性财产可能归因于材料本身和雕刻图案。印章对古代近东艺术的研究很重要，因为每个时期都有许多印章，因此，印章可以帮助确定时间阶段。通常保存的图像不再存在于任何其他媒介中，它们作为风格和图像的视觉编年史此气缸密封件由陶器制成。展示了印章的现代印象，从而可以看到整个设计。这幅图像描绘了两名侍从在一个保存不佳的坐姿人物面前；他们中间是一张桌子，桌子上方是一只有角的动物。服务员穿着三角形服装，可能是裙子。场景的顶部和底部由一排框框起来这枚印章上的宴会场景是中世纪伊兰人的一个共同特征，但服务员的尖头饰和喙状轮廓却很不寻常。这些可能是超自然的生物或恶魔——这种人物在公元前一千年的青铜器作品中很常见，通常被认为是卢里斯坦。盒子边界也在公元前10至9世纪的伊兰人印章上得到了证明。因此，这枚印章的年代可能不晚于9世纪，但可能早于公元前2千年晚期。这枚印章是在苏尔赫·杜姆（Surkh Dum）发掘的，该遗址位于伊朗西部扎格罗斯山脉的卢里斯坦（Luristan）。这是一个巨大的物品储藏库的一部分，埋藏在一个被解释为避难所的结构中的门框下；因此，这些物品很可能是为上帝准备的祭品。
介绍（英）	Although engraved stones had been used as early as the seventh millennium B.C. to stamp impressions in clay, the invention in the fourth millennium B.C. of carved cylinders that could be rolled over clay allowed the development of more complex seal designs. These cylinder seals, first used in Mesopotamia, served as a mark of ownership or identification. Seals were either impressed on lumps of clay that were used to close jars, doors, and baskets, or they were rolled onto clay tablets that recorded information about commercial or legal transactions. The seals were often made of precious stones. Protective properties may have been ascribed to both the material itself and the carved designs. Seals are important to the study of ancient Near Eastern art because many examples survive from every period and can, therefore, help to define chronological phases. Often preserving imagery no longer extant in any other medium, they serve as a visual chronicle of style and iconography. This cylinder seal is made of faience. The modern impression of the seal is shown so that the entire design can be seen. The image depicts two attendants before a seated figure, who is poorly preserved; between them is a table, and above the table is a horned animal. The attendants wear triangular garments, probably skirts. The scene is framed at the top and bottom by a row of boxes. The banquet scene on this seal is a common feature of Middle Elamite glyptic, yet the pointed headdresses and beak-like profiles of the attendants are quite unusual. Possibly these are meant to be supernatural creatures or demons – such figures are common in the bronzework of the first millennium B.C. commonly attributed to Luristan. The box border is also attested on Elamite seals of the 10th to 9th centuries B.C. Thus this seal probably dates no later than the 9th century, but possibly as early as the late 2nd millennium B.C. This seal was excavated at Surkh Dum, a settlement site in Luristan in the Zagros Mountains of western Iran. It was part of a large hoard of objects buried beneath a doorjamb in a structure interpreted as a sanctuary; thus the objects were probably offerings made for a god.