圆柱体密封和现代印象：有翼狮鹫攻击坐着的有翼公牛 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	圆柱体密封和现代印象：有翼狮鹫攻击坐着的有翼公牛
品名（英）	Cylinder seal and modern impression: winged griffin attacking seated winged bull
入馆年号	1943年，43.102.40
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 850 - 公元前 550
创作地区
分类
尺寸	1 英寸 × 7/16 英寸 (2.6 × 1.2 厘米)
介绍（中）	尽管早在公元前七千年，雕刻的石头就被用来在粘土上压印印记，但公元前四千年，可以在粘土上滚动的雕刻圆柱体的发明使得印章设计更加复杂。这些最初在美索不达米亚使用的圆筒形印章，作为所有权或身份的标志。印章要么印在用来关闭罐子、门和篮子的粘土块上，要么印在记录商业或法律交易信息的泥板上。这些印章通常由宝石制成。保护性财产可能归因于材料本身和雕刻图案。印章对古代近东艺术的研究很重要，因为每个时期都有许多印章，因此，印章可以帮助确定时间阶段。通常保存的图像不再存在于任何其他媒介中，它们作为风格和图像的视觉编年史此气缸密封件由沥青制成。展示了印章的现代印象，从而可以看到整个设计。图片显示一只带翅膀的狮鹫攻击一只坐着的带翅膀的公牛。其他一些元素，可能包括鱼、星星和猴子，围绕着场景这枚印章上的生物的渲染，以及雕刻的深凿风格，与苏萨和乔加·赞比勒的新伊兰人印章相当，表明日期在公元前9世纪至公元前6世纪之间这枚海豹是在苏尔赫·杜姆（Surkh Dum）发掘的，苏尔赫·杜姆是伊朗西部扎格罗斯山脉卢里斯坦的一个定居点。它被发现在一个被解释为圣所的结构中，因此很可能是献给上帝的祭品。
介绍（英）	Although engraved stones had been used as early as the seventh millennium B.C. to stamp impressions in clay, the invention in the fourth millennium B.C. of carved cylinders that could be rolled over clay allowed the development of more complex seal designs. These cylinder seals, first used in Mesopotamia, served as a mark of ownership or identification. Seals were either impressed on lumps of clay that were used to close jars, doors, and baskets, or they were rolled onto clay tablets that recorded information about commercial or legal transactions. The seals were often made of precious stones. Protective properties may have been ascribed to both the material itself and the carved designs. Seals are important to the study of ancient Near Eastern art because many examples survive from every period and can, therefore, help to define chronological phases. Often preserving imagery no longer extant in any other medium, they serve as a visual chronicle of style and iconography. This cylinder seal is made of bitumen. The modern impression of the seal is shown so that the entire design can be seen. The image shows a winged griffin attacking a seated winged bull. Several other elements, including possibly a fish, a star and a monkey, surround the scene. The rendering of the creatures on this seal, as well as the deep, gouged style of the carving, is comparable to Neo-Elamite seals from Susa and Choga Zanbil, suggesting a date between the 9th and the 6th century B.C. This seal was excavated at Surkh Dum, a settlement site in Luristan in the Zagros Mountains of western Iran. It was found in a structure interpreted as a sanctuary and was thus probably an offering to a god.