带有径向设计的山羊角的碗 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	带有径向设计的山羊角的碗
品名（英）	Bowl with radial design of ibex horns
入馆年号	1951年，51.25.24
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 4505 - 公元前 4095
创作地区
分类
尺寸	Diameter: 7.38 英寸 (18.75 厘米); 高: 4.00 英寸 (10.16 厘米)
介绍（中）	这个圆锥形碗有直边和尖底;它不能自己站起来。它由浅黄色粘土制成，外部有涂有棕色装饰，尤其是从底座辐射的大双膨胀，内部和周围有几何图案。杯子的常规形式表明它是在慢轮上完成的。其中约四分之一幸存下来;剩下的就是现代重建了。这个碗于1932年在伊朗西南部的Tall-i Bakun A出土，这是波斯波利斯附近的史前遗址。在公元前五千年期间，巴贡是在高原饲养绵羊和山羊的游牧民族与在马夫达什特平原种植大麦、小麦和豌豆的农民之间的贸易中心。结果，它成长为一个主要的行政中心，在那里发现的许多邮票印章证明了这一点。牧民使用的大部分陶器也是制作的地方，包括这个碗。这个碗的形状意味着它不可能被放下，所以它很可能要么放在支架上，要么直接打入地下。事实上，如果这艘船被一年中大部分时间住在营地的牧民使用，那么后一种可能性是最有可能的。鉴于它的大小，这个碗很可能是一个水杯，尽管目前还不清楚它喝了什么。主导这款杯子设计的双重膨胀可能会唤起高地山羊独特的角。高地山羊是伊朗特有的图案，因为它们原产于伊朗西部的扎格罗斯山脉，但并不生活在美索不达米亚平原上。因此，它们是石器时代生活在法尔斯的牧民独特的山区身份的标志。事实上，这艘船是伊朗最早的野山羊图像之一，因此是描绘这种标志性动物的悠久传统的开端。
介绍（英）	This conical bowl has straight sides and a pointed bottom; it cannot stand up on its own. It is made of a pale buff clay with painted brown decoration on the outside, especially large double swells radiating from the base with geometric designs within and around them. The regular form of the cup suggests it was finished on a slow wheel. About one quarter of it survives; the rest is modern reconstruction. This bowl was excavated in 1932 at Tall-i Bakun A in southwestern Iran, a prehistoric site near Persepolis. During the fifth millennium B.C. Bakun was a hub for trade between pastoral nomads who raised sheep and goats in the highlands and the farmers who raised barley, wheat and peas in the Marvdasht Plain. As a result it grew into a major administrative center, as attested by the many stamp seals found there. It was also where much of the pottery used by the pastoralists was made, including this bowl. The shape of this bowl means it could not have been set down, so it was likely either placed on a stand or driven directly into the ground. Indeed, the later possibility is most likely if this vessel was used by pastoralists who lived in camps for much of the year. Given its size the bowl was most likely a drinking cup, though it is unclear what was drunk from it. The double swells that dominate the design of this cup likely evoke the distinctive horns of the ibex. The ibex is a specifically Iranian motif, as they are native to the Zagros Mountains of western Iran, but did not live, for example, on the plains of Mesopotamia. Thus they are a marker of the unique, mountain identity of the pastoralists living in Fars during the Chalcolithic age. Indeed, this vessel is one of the earliest images of an ibex from Iran, and thus stands at the beginning of a long tradition of depicting this iconic animal.