波斯护卫队队长 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	波斯护卫队队长
品名（英）	Head of a Persian guard
入馆年号	1955年，55.121.3
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 486 - 公元前 465
创作地区
分类
尺寸	21 1/4 × 24 7/16 × 4 3/4 英寸 (54 × 62 × 12 厘米)
介绍（中）	阿契美尼德时期的不朽艺术和建筑最好的例证是波斯波利斯遗址，这是帝国的大型礼仪首都，最初由大流士一世（公元前521年至486年在位）建造，并由他的继任者扩建。波斯波利斯位于伊朗西南部法尔斯省设拉子西北30英里处。在那里，像"百柱大厅"和"大流士和薛西斯的王座室"这样的建筑展示了阿契美尼德宫殿建筑的特点——大型方形房间，天花板由许多柱子支撑。王座室中的一些柱子已经重建，高超过六十五英尺阿契美尼德雕塑最具特色的是用低浮雕雕刻的石板，用来装饰通往仪式建筑的各个楼梯。这幅浮雕描绘了一位弓箭手的头部，箭袋和弓放在肩上。弓的末端是一只鸭子的头。这个片段让人想起了著名的Frieze of Archers来自苏萨宫，现在位于卢浮宫。士兵的画像被成组排列，以象征性地守卫入口。射箭是阿契美尼德战争中使用的主要攻击方法，也是文化的重要组成部分，因为所有年轻人都被教导如何精确射箭。
介绍（英）	The monumental art and architecture of the Achaemenid period are best exemplified by the ruins of Persepolis, the large ceremonial capital of the empire originally built by Darius I (r. 521–486 B.C.) and expanded by his successors. Persepolis is located thirty miles northwest of Shiraz in the southwest Iranian province of Fars. There, structures like the "Hall of One Hundred Columns" and the "Throne Room of Darius and Xerxes" exhibit features characteristic of Achaemenid palace architecture—large square rooms, with ceilings supported by many columns. Some of the columns in the Throne Room have been reconstructed and stand more than sixty-five feet high. Most characteristic of Achaemenid sculpture are the slabs carved in low relief that decorate the various stairways leading to the ceremonial buildings. This relief portrays the head of an archer, with his quiver and bow resting on his shoulder. The bow terminates in the head of a duck. This fragment recalls the same imagery seen in the famous Frieze of Archers from the palace at Susa, now in the Louvre. Depictions of soldiers were lined up in groups in order to symbolically guard entrances. Archery was the primary method of attack used in Achaemenid warfare, and was also an essential part of the culture as all young men were taught how to shoot an arrow with precision.