加盖公章的三角形标签：用于粮食贷款 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	加盖公章的三角形标签：用于粮食贷款
品名（英）	Triangular label impressed with stamp seal: for grain loan
入馆年号	1957年，57.27.23
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 700 - 公元前 600
创作地区
分类
尺寸	5.1 x 3.5 x 1.9 厘米 (2 x 1 3/8 x 3/4 英寸)
介绍（中）	大约在公元前3300年，文字的发明是行政技术的许多发展之一，包括使用几何代币进行计数和使用圆柱印章来保证交易，这些发展伴随着美索不达米亚南部第一批城市和州的发展。原始楔形文字是最早的书写形式的名称——在泥板上绘制的象形文字。渐渐地，象形文字被抽象成楔形文字（拉丁语，"楔形"）标志，这些标志是印象而非绘画的。从叙利亚地中海沿岸到伊朗西部，从赫梯-安纳托利亚到美索不达米亚南部，楔形文字的使用范围最广。它被改编成至少15种不同的语言。最后一个确定日期的楔形文字的日期对应于公元75年，尽管该文字可能在接下来的两个世纪里继续使用这个粘土制品是一个三角形的标签，用来记录贷款的谷物。从左到右的楔形文字识别了涉案人员Shamash sharru高利贷者和Ninurta nadin ahi，还列出了一些证人。标签上印了两次玫瑰花结图案的印章。根据文字说明，这枚印章属于尼努尔塔·纳丁·阿希，他收到了预付的粮食。两个逆时针方向的螺纹被切割在冲压的玫瑰花结之间。它们可能代表一种反标记，也可能是由石碑的抄写员添加的"签名" 标签是在美索不达米亚北部的尼姆鲁德遗址发掘的。它是某个Shamash sharru高利贷者档案的一部分，他是亚述国王Ashurbanipal统治期间活跃的高级官员。
介绍（英）	The invention of writing in approximately 3300 B.C. was one of many developments in administrative technology--including the use of geometric tokens for counting and cylinder seals to guarantee transactions--that accompanied the growth of the first cities and states in southern Mesopotamia. Proto-cuneiform is the name given to the earliest form of writing--pictograms that were drawn on clay tablets. Gradually, the pictograms became abstracted into cuneiform (Latin, "wedge-shaped") signs that were impressed rather than drawn. At its greatest extent, cuneiform writing was used from the Mediterranean coast of Syria to western Iran and from Hittite Anatolia to southern Mesopotamia. It was adapted to write at least fifteen different languages. The last dated cuneiform text has a date corresponding to A.D. 75, although the script probably continued in use over the next two centuries. This clay object is a triangular-shaped label used to record a loan of grain. The cuneiform text which reads from left to right identifies the individuals involved, Shamash-sharru-usur and Ninurta-nadin-ahi, and also lists a number of witnesses. The label is impressed twice with a stamp seal with the design of a rosette. According to a caption the seal belonged to Ninurta-nadin-ahi, the man who received the advance of grain. Two counterclockwise whorls are incised between the stamped rosettes. They may represent either a type of countermark or perhaps a "signature" added by the scribe of the tablet. The label was excavated at the site of Nimrud in northern Mesopotamia. It was part of the archive of a certain Shamash-sharru-usur, a high official who was active during the reign of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal.