贝壳碎片 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	贝壳碎片
品名（英）	Shell fragment
入馆年号	1964年，64.37.15
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 900 - 公元前 700
创作地区
分类
尺寸	1.85 x 1.97 x 0.12 英寸 (4.7 x 5 x 0.3 厘米)
介绍（中）	卢维安象形文字铭文：乌尔希利纳，国王该物体属于一组至少十五个完整和零碎的杯形贝壳物体，在尼姆鲁德沙尔曼内瑟堡主观众大厅附近的储藏室中发现。所有这些都用卢维亚语刻字，由青铜时代晚期（公元前 1600-1200 年）的赫梯国王及其在土耳其东部和叙利亚北部的铁器时代后裔使用。Luwian是用象形文字书写的，使用程式化的图像来表示单词和音节。铭文给出了哈马城邦国王乌尔希利纳的名字，他在公元前 850 年左右被亚述国王沙尔曼尼瑟三世击败。刻有铭文的贝壳可能在这个时候来到尼姆鲁德，作为亚述人从哈马带走的战利品的一部分。他们的目的很神秘。以前它们被认为是盾牌老板或马饰，尽管它们的配件似乎不够安全，无法用于此类用途。另一个建议是它们是crotala，也称为响板或拍手，被舞者用作有节奏的伴奏。文献记载，亚述国王将拥有宝贵技能（如工匠）的被征服城市的成员驱逐到王都。来自哈马宫廷的舞者可能是被送往尼姆鲁德的人之一。
介绍（英）	Inscription in Luwian hieroglyphs: Urhilina, king This object belongs to a group of at least fifteen whole and fragmentary cup-shaped shell objects found in a storeroom near the main audience hall at Fort Shalmaneser in Nimrud. All were inscribed in the Luwian language, used by the Hittite kings of the Late Bronze Age (1600-1200 B.C.) and their Iron Age descendants in eastern Turkey and northern Syria. Luwian was written in a hieroglyphic script, using stylized images to represent words and syllables. The inscription gives the name of Urhilina, king of the city-state of Hama who was defeated around 850 B.C. by the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III. The inscribed shells may have come to Nimrud at this time, as part of the booty carried off by the Assyrians from Hama. Their purpose is mysterious. Previously they were thought to be shield bosses or horse trappings, although their fittings do not seem secure enough for such uses. Another suggestion is that they are crotala, also called castanets or clappers, used as a rhythmic accompaniment by dancers. Texts record that the Assyrian kings deported members of conquered cities who possessed valuable skills, such as artisans, to the royal capital. Dancers from the court at Hama could have been among those sent to Nimrud.