楔形文字石碑：放弃铜贷款 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	楔形文字石碑：放弃铜贷款
品名（英）	Cuneiform tablet: quittance for a loan in copper
入馆年号	1966年，66.245.18a
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 2000 - 公元前 1800
创作地区
分类
尺寸	4.3 x 4.6 x 1.4 厘米 (1 3/4 x 1 3/4 x 1/2 英寸)
介绍（中）	Kültepe是卡内什古城，是一座强大的国际大都市，位于现代土耳其安纳托利亚中部的卡帕多西亚北部。在公元前二千年早期，它成为来自亚述（在美索不达米亚北部的亚述，现代伊拉克）的商人在整个地区建立的贸易定居点网络（阿卡德语：karum）的一部分。这些商人乘坐驴商队长途跋涉，经常与家人分开生活，除了控制安纳托利亚境内的铜贸易外，还用大量的锡和纺织品换取黄金和白银。尽管商人采用了当地安纳托利亚生活的许多方面，但他们带来了用于记录交易的美索不达米亚工具：楔形文字，泥板和信封以及圆柱封条。使用精心设计的楔形文字书写系统的简化版本，商人跟踪贷款以及商业交易和纠纷，并向亚舒尔的家庭和商业伙伴发送信件。这些文本还提供了有关亚述和安纳托利亚城邦的更大政治历史的信息，以及有关亚述人和安纳托利亚人的日常生活的详细信息，他们不仅并肩工作，而且还结婚生子。在Kültepe，当大火在公元前1836年摧毁这座城市时，存储在家庭档案中的数千个文本被保存下来，并提供了对公元前第二个千年初在近东发生的复杂而复杂的商业和社会互动的一瞥商人的私人档案包含所有类型的文本，包括宣布解除先前债务的退出。在这种情况下，从左到右阅读的楔形文字记录了孙纳达已经向恩利尔巴尼支付了10天赋的优质铜，任何未来在这笔交易中要求未偿债务的平板电脑都将无效。然后将该平板电脑密封在盒子或信封（MMA 66.245.18b）中，并存档以备将来咨询。
介绍（英）	Kültepe, the ancient city of Kanesh, was a powerful and cosmopolitan city located in northern Cappadocia in central Anatolia, modern Turkey. During the early second millennium B.C., it became part of the network of trading settlements (Akkadian: karum) established across the region by merchants from Ashur (in Assyria in northern Mesopotamia, modern Iraq). Travelling long distances by donkey caravan, and often living separately from their families, these merchants traded vast quantities of tin and textiles for gold and silver in addition to controlling the copper trade within Anatolia itself. Although the merchants adopted many aspects of local Anatolian life, they brought with them Mesopotamian tools used to record transactions: cuneiform writing, clay tablets and envelopes, and cylinder seals. Using a simplified version of the elaborate cuneiform writing system, merchants tracked loans as well as business deals and disputes, and sent letters to families and business partners back in Ashur. These texts also provide information about the greater political history of Ashur and the Anatolian city-states as well as details about the daily life of Assyrians and Anatolians who not only worked side-by-side, but also married and had children together. At Kültepe, thousands of these texts stored in household archives were preserved when fire destroyed the city in ca. 1836 B.C. and provide a glimpse into the complex and sophisticated commercial and social interactions that took place in the Near East during the beginning of the second millennium B.C. The merchants’ private archives contained all types of texts including quittances which declared discharge from a previous debt. In this instance, the cuneiform text, read from left to right, records that Suen-nada had fulfilled his payment of 10 talents of high quality copper to Enlil-bani and that any future tablets claiming outstanding debt in this transaction will be void. This tablet was then sealed in a case or envelope (MMA 66.245.18b) and archived for future consultation.