带有利皮特-埃什塔尔楔形文字铭文的奉献锥体 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	带有利皮特-埃什塔尔楔形文字铭文的奉献锥体
品名（英）	Votive cone with cuneiform inscription of Lipit-Eshtar
入馆年号	1971年，1971.71
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 1934 - 公元前 1924
创作地区
分类
尺寸	Top: 16 厘米 (6 1/4 英寸) End: 7.8 厘米 (3 1/8 英寸) Total: 11.3 厘米 (4 1/2 英寸)
介绍（中）	还愿锥是皇家基金会的一种沉积物，在建造过程中，这些物品被埋葬在重要建筑的墙壁和地板下，以使遗址神圣化，并为统治者及其成就创造历史记忆。这些刻有铭文的物品隐藏在视线之外，本应在后来的修复过程中被发现。还愿锥的形状让人想起早期的地基桩（想象用来固定建筑物的平面图），但为具有圆柱形厚度的铭文提供了额外的空间这个泥锥上刻着利皮特·埃什塔尔的献词，他统治着美索不达米亚南部的伊辛市。约公元前1934-1924年。楔形文字铭文是用苏美尔语写的，在利皮特·艾什塔尔的时代，苏美尔语是一种历史语言，不再使用，主要用于学术和宗教文本。这个圆锥体可能是为了在Namgarum建造一座寺庙（E-ninisa，"正义之家"）而建造的，根据铭文，这座寺庙是在国王"在苏美尔和阿卡德建立正义"之后建造的。在伊辛·拉萨和古巴比伦时期，正义是国王们最关心的问题，著名的汉谟拉比石碑就是一座将统治者描绘成正义之王的纪念碑。这一铭文比汉谟拉比的纪念碑早了一个半世纪，表明了早期对为被统治者伸张正义的重视。在这个圆锥体的其他地方，Lipit Eshtar称自己为牧羊人、农夫和看护人，这是王权的隐喻，也传达了国王照顾臣民的责任。
介绍（英）	Votive cones are one type of royal foundation deposit, objects that were buried in the walls and beneath the floors of important buildings during construction to sanctify the site and to create a historical memory of the ruler and his achievements. Hidden from view, these inscribed objects were meant to be found during later restorations. The shape of the votive cones are reminiscent of earlier foundation pegs (imagined to pin down the ground plan of a building), but provide additional space for an inscription with their cylinder-like thickness. This clay cone was inscribed with a dedication of Lipit-Eshtar, who ruled the city of Isin in southern Mesopotamia ca. 1934-1924 B.C. The cuneiform inscription is written in Sumerian, which by Lipit-Eshtar’s day was a historic language – no longer spoken – that was mostly used for scholarly and religious texts. This cone was probably created for the construction of a temple (the E-ninisa, "House of Justice") at Namgarum, which, according to the inscription, was built after the king "established justice in Sumer and Akkad". Justice was a primary concern for kings in the Isin-Larsa and Old Babylonian Period, as known from the famous example of the Stele of Hammurabi, a monument depicting the ruler as the king of justice. This inscription, predating Hammurabi’s monument by a century and a half, shows the early emphasis placed on providing justice for the governed people. Elsewhere on this cone, Lipit-Eshtar refers to himself as a shepherd, plowman, and caretaker, metaphors of kingship that also convey the responsibility of kings to care for their subjects.