圆筒形印章和现代印象：男性崇拜者，狗超越标准 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	圆筒形印章和现代印象：男性崇拜者，狗超越标准
品名（英）	Cylinder seal and modern impression: male worshiper, dog surmounted by a standard
入馆年号	1985年，1985.357.44
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 1595 - 公元前 1300
创作地区
分类
尺寸	高 0.97 英寸 (2.46 厘米)
介绍（中）	虽然早在公元前七千年就已经使用雕刻石头在粘土上印章，但公元前四千年发明的可以在粘土上滚动的雕刻圆柱体允许开发更复杂的密封设计。这些圆柱密封件首先在美索不达米亚使用，作为所有权或识别的标志。海豹要么印在用于关闭罐子、门和篮子的粘土块上，要么将它们卷到记录商业或法律交易信息的粘土板上。印章通常由宝石制成。保护性能可能归因于材料本身和雕刻设计。印章对于古代近东艺术的研究很重要，因为每个时期都有许多例子幸存下来，因此可以帮助定义时间顺序。它们通常保留了在任何其他媒介中不再存在的图像，是风格和图像的视觉编年史。显示了密封件的现代印象，因此可以看到整个设计。卡西特时期已知的印章雕刻风格借鉴了美索不达米亚丰富的历史传统和更广泛的古代近东当代艺术。所谓的第一卡西特风格可以追溯到古巴比伦的演示场景，其中崇拜者出现在神灵面前，通常伴随着铭文，但与这种早期风格的区别在于冗长的铭文和细长的人物。在这个第一卡西特风格的圆柱体上，一个戴着圆帽和长流苏连衣裙的男性形象站在一只张开嘴的狗后面，它戴着项圈，头上有一个标准。狗和标准可能代表雕像或其他神圣符号。男性形象处于虔诚的姿势，可能代表崇拜者。使用古代形式的楔形文字符号雕刻的五行苏美尔铭文始于崇拜者的背后。上面写着：纳兰图姆阿胡尼的女儿达甘-马利克仆人的儿子（神灵）内尔加尔（和）玛米图姆
介绍（英）	Although engraved stones had been used as early as the seventh millennium B.C. to stamp impressions in clay, the invention in the fourth millennium B.C. of carved cylinders that could be rolled over clay allowed the development of more complex seal designs. These cylinder seals, first used in Mesopotamia, served as a mark of ownership or identification. Seals were either impressed on lumps of clay that were used to close jars, doors, and baskets, or they were rolled onto clay tablets that recorded information about commercial or legal transactions. The seals were often made of precious stones. Protective properties may have been ascribed to both the material itself and the carved designs. Seals are important to the study of ancient Near Eastern art because many examples survive from every period and can, therefore, help to define chronological phases. Often preserving imagery no longer extant in any other medium, they serve as a visual chronicle of style and iconography. The modern impression of the seal is shown so that the entire design can be seen. Seal-carving styles known from the Kassite period draw upon both the rich historical traditions of Mesopotamia and the contemporary art of the broader ancient Near East. The so-called First Kassite Style harkens back to the Old Babylonian presentation scene, in which a worshiper appears before a deity, often accompanied by an inscription, but is distinguished from this earlier style by lengthy inscriptions and elongated figures. On this First Kassite Style cylinder a male figure wearing a rounded cap and a long fringed dress stands behind an open-mouthed dog who wears a collar and has a standard on his head. The dog and standard may represent a statue or other divine symbol. The male figure is in a devotional pose and probably represents a worshipper. A five-line Sumerian inscription, carved using ancient forms of the cuneiform signs, begins behind the worshipper’s back. It reads: Naramtum daughter of Ahuni son of Dagan-Malik servant of (the deities) Nergal (and) Mamitum