楔形文字板：关于麦芽和大麦的行政账户 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	楔形文字板：关于麦芽和大麦的行政账户
品名（英）	Cuneiform tablet: administrative account with entries concerning malt and barley groats
入馆年号	1988年，1988.433.3
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 3100 - 公元前 2900
创作地区
分类
尺寸	1 3/4 × 2 11/16 × 5/8 英寸 (4.5 × 6.85 × 1.6 厘米)
介绍（中）	这块书写较早的石碑很可能记录了一座大庙分发的谷物。学者们区分了美索不达米亚南部文字发展的两个阶段。最早的石碑，可能可以追溯到公元前3300年左右，使用在粘土上绘制的象形文字和数字记录经济信息。以这块石板为代表的后期阶段反映了改变标志形状的书写技术的变化。符号代表名词，主要是商品名称，以及一些基本形容词，但没有语法元素。这样的系统可以用任何语言阅读，但人们普遍认为基础语言是苏美尔语。事实上，到公元前三千年上半叶，文字已经充分发展到忠实地代表苏美尔语，写作的范围和应用扩大到包括书面诗歌。尽管如此，即使是这些后来的抄写员也很少包含语法元素，而且作为记忆辅助工具创建的文本今天不容易阅读。
介绍（英）	This tablet with early writing most likely documents grain distributed by a large temple. Scholars have distinguished two phases in the development of writing in southern Mesopotamia. The earliest tablets, probably dating to around 3300 B.C., record economic information using pictographs and numerals drawn in the clay. A later phase, as represented by this tablet, reflects changes in the techniques of writing that altered the shapes of signs. Symbols stood for nouns, primarily names of commodities, as well as a few basic adjectives, but no grammatical elements. Such a system could be read in any language, but it is generally accepted that the underlying language is Sumerian. Indeed, by the first half of the third millennium B.C., the script had sufficiently developed to faithfully represent the Sumerian language, and the scope and application of writing was expanded to include written poetry. Nonetheless, even these later scribes rarely included grammatical elements, and the texts, created as memory aids, cannot be easily read today.