圆柱印章和现代印象：王座上的上帝面前的皇家崇拜者；下面是人头公牛 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	圆柱印章和现代印象：王座上的上帝面前的皇家崇拜者；下面是人头公牛
品名（英）	Cylinder seal and modern impression: royal worshiper before a god on a throne; human-headed bulls below
入馆年号	1991年，1991.368.5
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 1820 - 公元前 1730
创作地区
分类
尺寸	高 0.8 英寸 (2 厘米)
介绍（中）	尽管早在公元前七千年，雕刻的石头就被用来在粘土上压印印记，但公元前四千年，可以在粘土上滚动的雕刻圆柱体的发明使得印章设计更加复杂。这些最初在美索不达米亚使用的圆筒形印章，作为所有权或身份的标志。印章要么印在用来关闭罐子、门和篮子的粘土块上，要么印在记录商业或法律交易信息的泥板上。这些印章通常由宝石制成。保护性财产可能归因于材料本身和雕刻图案。印章对古代近东艺术的研究很重要，因为每个时期都有许多印章，因此，印章可以帮助确定时间阶段。通常保存的图像不再存在于任何其他媒介中，它们作为风格和图像的视觉编年史展示了印章的现代印象，从而可以看到整个设计。主要场景描绘了一位崇拜者向一位坐在两头人头公牛上方的神祗献上一只山羊。这位神坐在一张凳子上，腿上有动物腿，这是从埃及和安纳托利亚的木材和象牙中发现的一种类型。在它们之间的田野里有一个带翅膀的玫瑰花盘，上面有新月、两颗星星、一只蹲着的猴子和一只象征生命的埃及长腿。一个戴着埃及王冠的狮身人面像袭击了一只野山羊，上面还画着一个扭索和一个穿着荷叶边裙子跪着的狮鹫恶魔。
介绍（英）	Although engraved stones had been used as early as the seventh millennium B.C. to stamp impressions in clay, the invention in the fourth millennium B.C. of carved cylinders that could be rolled over clay allowed the development of more complex seal designs. These cylinder seals, first used in Mesopotamia, served as a mark of ownership or identification. Seals were either impressed on lumps of clay that were used to close jars, doors, and baskets, or they were rolled onto clay tablets that recorded information about commercial or legal transactions. The seals were often made of precious stones. Protective properties may have been ascribed to both the material itself and the carved designs. Seals are important to the study of ancient Near Eastern art because many examples survive from every period and can, therefore, help to define chronological phases. Often preserving imagery no longer extant in any other medium, they serve as a visual chronicle of style and iconography. The modern impression of the seal is shown so that the entire design can be seen. The main scene depicts a worshiper offering a caprid to a divinity seated above two human-headed bulls. The god is enthroned on a stool with animal legs of a type known from actual contemporary remains in wood and ivory from both Egypt and Anatolia. in the field between them are a winged rosette disk with crescent, two stars, a squatting monkey, and an ankh, the Egyptian symbol for life. A sphinx wearing an Egyptian crown attacking an ibex is also depicted above a guilloche and a kneeling griffin-demon in a flounced skirt.