圆柱密封和现代印象：动物排；猎鹰侧翼山羊，塔维特女神 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	圆柱密封和现代印象：动物排；猎鹰侧翼山羊，塔维特女神
品名（英）	Cylinder seal and modern impression: rows of animals; falcons flanking goat, Taweret goddesses
入馆年号	1999年，1999.325.151
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 1800 - 公元前 1600
创作地区
分类
尺寸	高 11/16 英寸 (1.7 厘米); 直径 3/8 英寸 (1 厘米)
介绍（中）	尽管早在公元前七千年，雕刻的石头就被用来在粘土上压印印记，但公元前四千年，可以在粘土上滚动的雕刻圆柱体的发明使得印章设计更加复杂。这些最初在美索不达米亚使用的圆筒形印章，作为所有权或身份的标志。印章要么印在用来关闭罐子、门和篮子的粘土块上，要么印在记录商业或法律交易信息的泥板上。这些印章通常由宝石制成。保护性财产可能归因于材料本身和雕刻图案。印章对古代近东艺术的研究很重要，因为每个时期都有许多印章，因此，印章可以帮助确定时间阶段。通常保存的图像不再存在于任何其他媒介中，它们作为风格和图像的视觉编年史展示了印章的现代印象，从而可以看到整个设计。这枚印章上的图像分为若干水平和垂直记录。在垂直扭索带的右侧，图像被水平扭索带分成两个寄存器。在上面的记录中，两只对峙的猎鹰各自在一只卧角动物身上伸出翅膀。在较低的登记册中，两个对峙的人物，可能是埃及女神塔维特（Taweret），在两个脚踝符号上方持刀，这两个符号位于一只鸭子上方的卧角动物的侧面。在这个场景的右侧是三个垂直的列，其中的人物与场景成直角。第一组是一对对峙的秃鹫。在第二幅和第三幅中，描绘了三只卧角动物。
介绍（英）	Although engraved stones had been used as early as the seventh millennium B.C. to stamp impressions in clay, the invention in the fourth millennium B.C. of carved cylinders that could be rolled over clay allowed the development of more complex seal designs. These cylinder seals, first used in Mesopotamia, served as a mark of ownership or identification. Seals were either impressed on lumps of clay that were used to close jars, doors, and baskets, or they were rolled onto clay tablets that recorded information about commercial or legal transactions. The seals were often made of precious stones. Protective properties may have been ascribed to both the material itself and the carved designs. Seals are important to the study of ancient Near Eastern art because many examples survive from every period and can, therefore, help to define chronological phases. Often preserving imagery no longer extant in any other medium, they serve as a visual chronicle of style and iconography. The modern impression of the seal is shown so that the entire design can be seen. The imagery on this seal is divided into a number of horizontal and vertical registers. To the right of a vertical guilloche band the imagery is divided into two registers by a horizontal guilloche band. In the upper register, two confronted falcons each extend a wing over a recumbent horned animal. In the lower register, two confronted figures, perhaps of the Egyptian goddess Taweret, hold knives above two ankh symbols, which flank a recumbent horned animal above a duck. To the right of this scene are three vertical columns with figures at right angles to the scene. In the first are a pair of confronted flying vultures. In the second and third, three recumbent horned animals are depicted.