圆筒形印章和现代印记：四个寄存器：手、人和山羊头 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	圆筒形印章和现代印记：四个寄存器：手、人和山羊头
品名（英）	Cylinder seal and modern impression: four registers: hands, human and goat heads
入馆年号	1999年，1999.325.164
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 1720 - 公元前 1650
创作地区
分类
尺寸	高 3/4 英寸 (1.9 厘米); 直径 3/8 英寸 (1 厘米)
介绍（中）	尽管早在公元前七千年，雕刻的石头就被用来在粘土上压印印记，但公元前四千年，可以在粘土上滚动的雕刻圆柱体的发明使得印章设计更加复杂。这些最初在美索不达米亚使用的圆筒形印章，作为所有权或身份的标志。印章要么印在用来关闭罐子、门和篮子的粘土块上，要么印在记录商业或法律交易信息的泥板上。这些印章通常由宝石制成。保护性财产可能归因于材料本身和雕刻图案。印章对古代近东艺术的研究很重要，因为每个时期都有许多印章，因此，印章可以帮助确定时间阶段。通常保存的图像不再存在于任何其他媒介中，它们作为风格和图像的视觉编年史展示了印章的现代印象，从而可以看到整个设计。这枚印章上的图像分为四个水平寄存器。在最上面的登记册中有六个人的头像，五个面向左侧，一个面向右侧。下面的寄存器显示六个垂直指针。在下一个寄存器中有三个山羊头和一只水平手。在底部寄存器中，显示了五个水平指针。
介绍（英）	Although engraved stones had been used as early as the seventh millennium B.C. to stamp impressions in clay, the invention in the fourth millennium B.C. of carved cylinders that could be rolled over clay allowed the development of more complex seal designs. These cylinder seals, first used in Mesopotamia, served as a mark of ownership or identification. Seals were either impressed on lumps of clay that were used to close jars, doors, and baskets, or they were rolled onto clay tablets that recorded information about commercial or legal transactions. The seals were often made of precious stones. Protective properties may have been ascribed to both the material itself and the carved designs. Seals are important to the study of ancient Near Eastern art because many examples survive from every period and can, therefore, help to define chronological phases. Often preserving imagery no longer extant in any other medium, they serve as a visual chronicle of style and iconography. The modern impression of the seal is shown so that the entire design can be seen. The imagery on this seal is divided into four horizontal registers. In the top register are six human heads shown in profile, five facing left and one facing right. The register below shows six vertical hands. In the next register are three goat heads and one horizontal hand. In the bottom register, five horizontal hands are shown.