路缘石钻头 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	路缘石钻头
品名（英）	Curb Bit
入馆年号	1914年，14.25.1800
策展部门	武器和盔甲（Arms and Armor）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1525 - 公元 1575
创作地区	原产国: 可能是意大利（Country of Origin: possibly Italy）
分类	马术器械钻头（Equestrian Equipment-Bits）
尺寸	高 12 1/2 英寸 (31.8 厘米); 宽 10 1/4 英寸 (26 厘米); 重 3 磅 6.2 盎司 (1536.5 g)
介绍（中）	根据当代马术手册，这个咬头的吹嘴是为嘴硬舌头厚实的马设计的。中世纪风格的U形摆动柄，直到14世纪在大多数马身上都可以看到，在16世纪仍然偶尔使用，但它们很少见，基本上是用来对付骡子（据说嘴巴非常糟糕和坚硬）或顽固的马。在比特书中发现的尖刺柄的少数表示赋予了它们不同的目的，有些说它们"防止马抓住小腿并将它们放进嘴里"，另一些则说它们是"防止用手抓住它们的战争小腿"。然而，无论如何，这个位的尖峰似乎太长且间隔太宽，无法与已发布的示例相匹配。然而，这些小腿的铰接方式与意大利人皮罗·安东尼奥·费拉罗（Pirro Antonio Ferraro）在1602年出版的马术论文（Cavallo Frenato）中推荐的一种狩猎方式相对应。这种用途对于这些尖刺也是有意义的，因为它们让人想起一些用于猎狼的当代狗项圈。在这种情况下，尖刺可以保护马的鼻子在狩猎过程中不被野生动物抓住和咬伤。
介绍（英）	According to contemporary equestrian manuals, the mouthpiece of this bit was designed for a horse with a hard mouth and a thick tongue. Medieval style U-shape swinging shanks, visible on most horse bits until the 14th century, were still occasionally used in the 16th century, but they were rare, and essentially meant for mules (said to have very bad and hard mouths) or recalcitrant horses. The few representations of spiky shanks found in bit books assign them different purposes, some stating that they ‘prevent the horse from catching the shanks and putting them in its mouth’, others that they are ‘war shanks for preventing catching them with the hand’. Yet, in any case, the spikes of this bit seem too long and widely spaced to match with the published examples. The way these shanks are articulated, however, corresponds to a type of bit recommended for hunting by the Italian Pirro Antonio Ferraro in his equestrian treatise published in 1602 (Cavallo Frenato). Such a use would make sense with these spikes too, as they recall some contemporary dog collars used for wolf hunting. In this case the spikes would have protected the horse’s nose from being caught and bitten by a wild animal during the hunt.