路缘石钻头 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	路缘石钻头
品名（英）	Curb Bit
入馆年号	1914年，14.25.1803a
策展部门	武器和盔甲（Arms and Armor）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1550 - 公元 1600
创作地区	原产国: 德国, 萨克森州（Country of Origin: Germany, Saxony）
分类	马术器械钻头（Equestrian Equipment-Bits）
尺寸	高 12 3/4 英寸 (32.4 厘米); 宽 5 英寸 (12.7 厘米); 重 2 磅 3.1 盎司 (995.1 g)
介绍（中）	根据当代马术手册，这种严重的喉舌是为嘴巴不好、低杠（马下巴没有牙齿的部分）、舌头厚、武装嘴唇（嘴唇位于杠铃和喉舌之间的嘴唇）的马而设计的。它还旨在纠正过于倚靠钻头并迫使手部的马。投石机顶部的滚动珠子（中央摆动件）对上颚有直接作用，并将头部固定到位。这种类型的钻头在德语中被称为geschraubt Biss，字面意思是"拧紧的钻头"，一种在16世纪和17世纪在德国流行的可调节盛装舞步钻头。柄的三种长度（连接缰绳的钻头侧面的杠杆）允许骑手调整其杠杆效应的严重程度。在其最短位置，位较弱。它的柄越长，缰绳的旋转环越向前，它变得越严重。骑手还可以选择更换整个吹嘴。因此，骑手可以将其转换为不同的位，以便为正在训练的马找到完美的位，或者在具有不同需求的不同马匹上使用相同的位。然而，它们的相对脆弱性阻止了它们在战争中的使用，相反，它们是盛装舞步和休闲骑马的奢侈品。这块钻头的风格，带有穿孔元素，尤其是其脸颊上非常具有雕塑感的几何装饰，是 16 世纪撒克逊地区制造的典型钻头。
介绍（英）	According to contemporary equestrian manuals, this severe mouthpiece was designed for horses with a bad mouth, low bars (the part of the horses’ jaw without teeth), a thick tongue, arming lips (lips placed between the bars and the mouthpiece). It is also designed to correct the horse which leans too much on the bit and forces the hand. The rolling bead at the top of the trebuchet (the central swinging piece) has a direct action on the palate and holds the head in place. This type of bit is called a geschraubt Biss in German, literally a 'screwed bit', a kind of adjustable dressage bit popular in Germany in the 16th and 17th centuries. The three lengths of the shanks (the levers on the sides of the bit to which the reins were attached), allow the rider to adjust the severity of their leverage effect. In its shortest position the bit is weaker. The longer its shanks and the further forward its swivel rings for the reins, the more severe it becomes. The rider also had the option of changing the whole mouthpiece. Thus, the rider could transform it into different bits in order to find the perfect one for a horse under training, or use the same bit on different horses with different needs. Their relative fragility however prevented them for being used at war, rather, they were luxury devices for dressage and leisure riding. The style of this bit, with its pierced elements and particularly its very sculptural geometric decoration on its cheekpieces, is typical of the bits made in Saxon regions in the 16th century.