路缘石钻头 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	路缘石钻头
品名（英）	Curb Bit
入馆年号	1914年，14.25.1805
策展部门	武器和盔甲（Arms and Armor）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1525 - 公元 1575
创作地区	原产国: 德国, 萨克森州, 可能是德累斯顿（Country of Origin: Germany, Saxony, possibly Dresden）
分类	马术器械钻头（Equestrian Equipment-Bits）
尺寸	高 13 1/2 英寸 (34.3 厘米); 宽 6 1/4 英寸 (15.9 厘米); 重 3 磅 0.9 盎司 (1386.3 g)
介绍（中）	根据当代马术手册，这匹马应该用在一匹仍在训练中的年轻马身上。这通过使用没有高端口的吹嘴（允许马用舌头缓冲咬合咬头，保护杆，下颚没有齿的部分，不断与滚轮接触）来表明这一点，并结合两个长长的"弱"柄。术语"弱"是指用于缰绳的旋转环孔放置在宴会轴线（吹嘴所连接的部件）的后面。具有较低杠杆效应的弱柄用于马头和鼻子过度低落。宴会也可以打开以切换吹嘴，这是德国盛装舞步特别受欢迎的功能。如果长柄看起来令人印象深刻，它们的长度实际上减少了它们的反应时间，并且实际上会在某个时候被马的胸部挡住，从而解释了它们在幼马身上的使用。此时的路边钻头也用非常轻巧的手使用，训练有素的马匹通过期待缰绳的最轻微移动做出反应。钻头在左柄上印有其制造商的标记，描绘了撒克逊徽章的简化版本。这种用作标记的符号以及作品的高质量表明，这件钻头可能是德累斯顿撒克逊宫廷官方马刺制造商的作品。无论他是谁，他的作品在当时都会相对出名，因为一些印有他标记的撒克逊人片段在马刺制造商汉斯·克罗伊茨伯格（Warhafftige und Eygentliche Contrafactur und Formen der Zeumung und Gebisz，1562年，奥格斯堡）撰写的著名书中有所体现。
介绍（英）	According to contemporary equestrian manuals this bit would have been used on a young horse still under training. This is indicated by the use of a mouthpiece without high port (allowing the horse to cushion the bit with its tongue, protecting the bars, the part of the jaw without teeth, to be constantly in contact with the rollers), combined with two long ‘weak’ shanks. The term ‘weak’ means that the swivel ring’s hole for the reins is placed behind the axis of the banquet (piece to which the mouthpiece is attached). Weak shanks, having a lower leverage effect, were used on horses lowering their head and nose too much. The banquets can also be opened to switch out the mouthpiece, a feature particularly appreciated on dressage bits in Germany. If the long shanks look impressive, their length in fact reduces their reaction time and would actually have been blocked at some point by the horse’s chest, explaining their use on young horses. Curb bits were also at this time used with a very light hand, the well-trained horses responding by anticipation to the slightest move of the reins. The bit is stamped on the left shank with its maker’s mark, depicting a simplified version of the Saxon coat of arms. Such a symbol used as a mark, as well as the high quality of the piece, indicate that this bit could be the work of the official spur-maker of the Saxon court in Dresden. Whoever he was, his works would have been relatively well-known at the time since some Saxon bits stamped with his mark are represented in the famous book written by the spur-maker Hans Kreutzberger (Warhafftige und Eygentliche Contrafactur und Formen der Zeumung und Gebisz, 1562, Augsburg).