女巫们 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	女巫们
品名（英）	The Witches
入馆年号	1941年，41.1.201
策展部门	绘画和印刷品（Drawings and Prints）
创作者	Hans Baldung (called Hans Baldung Grien)【1484 至 1545】【德国人】
创作年份	公元 1510
创作地区
分类	印刷品（Prints）
尺寸	页: 15 5/16 × 10 5/8 英寸 (38.9 × 27 厘米)
介绍（中）	这幅木刻版画是德国明暗对比的杰作，是汉斯·巴尔东·格里恩最著名的版画之一，是在他从纽伦堡搬到斯特拉斯堡后不久制作的，大约在 1503 年至 1507 年间，他在那里与阿尔布雷希特·丢勒一起担任熟练工。虽然Baldung不是明暗对比木刻的发明者——这应该归功于汉斯·伯格克迈尔——但他是最早和最有效的媒介实践者之一。这幅木刻的色调块有时是橙棕色印刷的，给场景投下地狱般的光芒;在这里，灰色色调块的使用营造出一种夜间阴郁的氛围，三个女巫从中出现，聚集在"飞行不知所措"的热气腾腾的大锅周围。闪烁的高光，在纸张的白色暴露的地方，为那些否则会被黑暗环境吞没的形式提供了三维存在感，并且通过继续对黑暗阴影笔触的建模，有力地定义了巨大的裸体、爆破的树和支撑女巫在夜空中上升的固体蒸汽线圈的体积。十六世纪初，德语国家对巫术的兴趣尤其强烈，1487年海因里希·克莱默（Heinrich Kramer）和雅各布·斯普伦格（Jacob Sprenger）出版的《女巫之锤》（Malleus Maleficarum）预示着这种情况，该书在1520年之前重印了十四次。
介绍（英）	A masterpiece of German chiaroscuro, this woodcut is one of Hans Baldung Grien's best known prints, produced soon after his move to Strasbourg from Nuremberg, where he had worked as a journeyman with Albrecht Dürer from about 1503 to 1507. Although Baldung was not the inventor of the chiaroscuro woodcut—the credit for this must go to Hans Burgkmair—he was among the very earliest and most effective practitioners of the medium. The tone block for this woodcut is sometimes printed in an orange-brown, casting a hellish glow onto the scene; here the use of a gray tone block creates an atmosphere of nocturnal gloom from which the three witches emerge, gathered around the steaming cauldron of "flying unguent." The flickering highlights, where the white of the paper is exposed, give three-dimensional presence to forms that would otherwise be engulfed by the dark setting and, by continuing the modeling of the dark hatching strokes, powerfully define the volumes of the monumental nudes, the blasted tree, and the solid coils of steam that support the witches as they ascend in the night air. The interest in witchcraft in the German-speaking countries was especially strong at the beginning of the sixteenth century, heralded by the publication in 1487 of the Malleus Maleficarum (The Witches' Hammer) by Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger, which was reprinted fourteen times before 1520.