艾玛·汉密尔顿的肖像 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	艾玛·汉密尔顿的肖像
品名（英）	Portrait of Emma Hamilton
入馆年号	2003年，2003.87
策展部门	绘画和印刷品（Drawings and Prints）
创作者	Angelica Kauffmann【1741 至 1807】【瑞士人】
创作年份	公元 1791
创作地区
分类	图画（Drawings）
尺寸	页: 14 3/16 x 16 11/16 英寸 (36 x 42.4 厘米)
介绍（中）	两位18世纪杰出女性的生活在这张照片中联系在一起。出生于瑞士的艺术家安吉莉卡·考夫曼（Angelica Kauffmann）与她的画家父亲一起在意大利接受培训，1766年搬到伦敦，并于1768年当选为皇家学院的创始成员。作为一位成功的主题画家和肖像画家，她的作品经常以女性主题为中心，这项真人大小的研究涉及1791年的一部长篇油画（私人收藏），该油画将汉密尔顿夫人艾玛描绘成漫画缪斯。这个主题的美丽、戏剧性的天赋和社会地位的提升使她成为了名人，这张照片与她最近与英国驻那不勒斯特使威廉·汉密尔顿爵士的婚姻不谋而合，这对夫妇返回伦敦参加了婚礼 Emma出生在柴郡，是一位铁匠的女儿，她的死迫使她在13岁时在伦敦找了一份保姆的工作。她的美丽吸引了一系列贵族，到1782年，她和查尔斯·格雷维尔阁下住在一起。他把艾玛介绍给了艺术家乔治·罗姆尼，她很快就成为了罗姆尼最喜欢的模特，但格雷维尔需要嫁给一大笔钱，所以说服了他中年的叔叔威廉·汉密尔顿爵士，把不知情的艾玛带回了那不勒斯。从这次欺骗的打击中恢复过来后，艾玛开始了她的新生活。她学会了几种语言，并发展了一系列"态度"——模仿古典人物的戏剧表演，受到威廉爵士客人的好评。她成了汉密尔顿的情妇，后来又成了他的妻子，这在当时是一个令人震惊的地位变化。考夫曼在26岁时画下了艾玛，那时她体重开始增加，容貌也开始下降。这些缺点并没有阻止她从1798年开始与海军上将霍雷肖·纳尔逊进行国际丑闻，这始于这位海军英雄在阿布基尔湾战役后来到那不勒斯休养。
介绍（英）	The lives of two remarkable eighteenth-century women connect in this image. The Swiss-born artist Angelica Kauffmann had trained in Italy with her painter father, moved to London in 1766, and been elected a founding member of the Royal Academy in 1768. As a successful subject painter and portraitist, her works often centered on female subjects and this life-sized study relates to a full-length oil of 1791 (Private Collection) that portrays Emma, Lady Hamilton as the Comic Muse. The subject’s beauty, dramatic flair and rise in social position had turned her into a celebrity and this image coincides with her recent marriage to Sir William Hamilton, the British envoy to Naples—the couple returned to London for the ceremony. Emma had been born in Cheshire, the daughter of a blacksmith whose death forced her to seek employment as a nursemaid in London at the age of thirteen. Her beauty attracted a series of aristocratic men and, by 1782 she was living with the Hon. Charles Greville. He introduced Emma to the artist George Romney—whose favorite model she soon became—but Greville needed to marry a fortune, so persuaded his middle-aged uncle, Sir William Hamilton, to take the unwitting Emma back to Naples. After she recovered from the shock of this deception, Emma embraced her new life. She learned several languages and developed a series of "Attitudes"—dramatic mimed performances of classical figures acclaimed by Sir William’s guests. She became Hamilton’s mistress and then his wife, an astounding change of rank at that time. Kauffmann drew Emma at twenty-six, before she began to put on weight and lose her looks. Those disadvantages did not prevent her from pursuing an internationally scandalous affair with Admiral Horatio Nelson from 1798, which began when the naval hero came to Naples ro recuperate after the Battle of Aboukir Bay.