黑暗监狱 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	黑暗监狱
品名（英）	"Dark Prison (Carcere Oscura)"
入馆年号	1906年，06.1051.3
策展部门	绘画和印刷品（Drawings and Prints）
创作者	Joseph Mallord William Turner【1775 至 1851】【英国人】
创作年份	公元 1790 - 公元 1799
创作地区
分类	图画（Drawings）
尺寸	页: 14 3/16 x 9 1/4 英寸 (36 x 23.5 厘米)
介绍（中）	特纳从意大利版画家、建筑师、考古学家、艺术理论家和设计师乔瓦尼·巴蒂斯塔·皮拉内西（1720–1778）的版画中复制了这幅想象中的监狱内部视图。与皮拉内西著名的《Carceri d'invenzione》中的其他场景一样，这张照片（带惩罚罪犯庭院的黑暗监狱）呈现了一个洞穴般的空间，迷宫般的人行道纵横交错，小人物云集。特纳在其职业生涯之初绘制了这幅画，大概是在托马斯·蒙罗博士（1759–1833）的"学院"晚会上。蒙罗博士是一位开拓性的心理学家，他欢迎艺术家到家中复制或为其收藏的作品上色。（蒙罗圈成员在目前的皮拉内西设计之后的其他版本也为人所知。）尽管特纳经常与他的朋友托马斯·吉尔廷密切合作准备复制品，但目前的作品似乎是特纳一个人创作的。
介绍（英）	Turner copied this view of an imaginary prison interior from an etching by the Italian printmaker, architect, archaeologist, art theorist, and designer Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720–1778). Like other scenes from Piranesi's celebrated Carceri d'invenzione, this image (Dark Prison with a Courtyard for the Punishment of Criminals) presents a cavernous space criss-crossed by labyrinthine walkways and populated by diminutive figures. Turner made this drawing at the beginning of his career, presumably at the evening "Academy" of Dr. Thomas Monro (1759–1833), a pioneering psychologist who welcomed artists to his home to copy or color works in his collection. (Other versions after the present Piranesi design by members of the Monro circle are known.) Although Turner often worked in close collaboration with his friend Thomas Girtin in preparing copies, the present work appears to have been made by Turner alone.