埃及艳后 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	埃及艳后
品名（英）	Cleopatra
入馆年号	1966年，66.623.9
策展部门	绘画和印刷品（Drawings and Prints）
创作者	Jan Muller【1571 至 1628】【荷兰人】
创作年份	公元 1593 - 公元 1603
创作地区
分类	印刷品（Prints）
尺寸	页: 15 英寸 × 10 1/16 英寸 (38.1 × 25.5 厘米)
介绍（中）	扬·穆勒（Jan Muller）是十六世纪末最受欢迎的风格主义版画家之一。作为阿姆斯特丹印刷商、版画家和出版商的儿子，他以荷兰北部首屈一指的绘图员和版画家亨德里克·戈尔齐乌斯（Hendrick Goltzius）为蓝本，发展了一种风格。在1590年代中后期，穆勒根据雕塑家阿德里安·德弗里斯（Adriaen de Vries）的作品制作了11幅版画。德弗里斯是乔瓦尼·达·博洛尼亚的学生，并将前者的佛罗伦萨风格风格介绍给布拉格皇帝鲁道夫二世的宫廷。穆勒本人从未访问过布拉格，尽管除了德弗里斯之后的艺术家之外，他还为皇帝工作的各种艺术家的设计制作了版画。这幅埃及艳后图像的原型已经丢失，德弗里斯雕塑的唯一记录是雕刻本身。背景为空白的印刷品的校样印象表明，内部设置可能是穆勒添加的，以便为最初是独立雕像创造背景。主题是埃及女王克利奥帕特拉在情人马克安东尼去世后自杀。马克·安东尼曾是罗马皇帝尤利乌斯·凯撒的支持者，但后来与他的继承人屋大维发生冲突。经过长时间的战斗，屋大维击败了马克·安东尼，后者随后自杀。在得知他的死讯后，克利奥帕特拉也决定结束自己的生命。在这里，她赤身裸体地坐在床上，手里拿着两只毒液很快就会杀死她的毒液。
介绍（英）	Jan Muller was one of the most sought-after Mannerist printmakers at the end of the sixteenth century. The son of an Amsterdam printer, printmaker, and publisher, he developed a style modeled on that of Hendrick Goltzius, the premier draftsman and printmaker in the northern Netherlands. In the mid- to late 1590s Muller made eleven engravings after works by the sculptor Adriaen de Vries. De Vries was a pupil of Giovanni da Bologna and introduced the former’s Florentine Mannerist style to the court of Emperor Rudolf II in Prague. Muller himself never visited Prague, although he made prints after designs by various artists working for the emperor, in addition to those after De Vries. The prototype for this image of Cleopatra is lost, and the only record of De Vries’s sculpture is the engraving itself. Proof impressions of the print in which the background is blank suggest that the interior setting may have been added by Muller to create a context for what was originally a free-standing statue. The subject is the suicide of the Egyptian queen Cleopatra, following the death of her lover Mark Antony. Mark Antony had been a supporter of the Roman emperor Julius Caesar, but later came into conflict with his heir, Octavian. After a long battle, Octavian defeated Mark Antony, who then committed suicide. On learning of his death, Cleopatra decided to end her life as well. Here she sits, naked on a bed, holding two asps whose poisonous venom will soon kill her.