带数字的动物笔 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	带数字的动物笔
品名（英）	Animal Pen with Figures
入馆年号	1994年，1994.605.21
策展部门	亚洲艺术（Asian Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1 - 公元 233
创作地区
分类	陶瓷制品（Ceramics）
尺寸	高 9 1/4 英寸 (23.5 厘米); 宽 14 3/4 英寸 (37.5 厘米)
介绍（中）	这个动物围栏里住着山羊，由一位母亲用另一只手抱着婴儿照顾。它是东汉（公元25-220年）陪葬的典型明器或"灵器"。农场动物、实用物品和艺人的复制品被认为可以为墓主人的灵魂提供营养和娱乐。高架结构是乡村建筑的建筑记录，这些建筑本应是大型农业庄园的一部分，并保留了木制设计和建筑的粘土细节，例如带有一系列木椽的低坡屋顶，这些木椽从中央梁上翻边而成，早就在地面上解体了汉代（公元前206年至公元220年）明气的普及反映了中国社会的巨大变化，说明了权力是如何从帝国政府和贵族阶层转移到更广泛的官僚阶层的。在汉初，儒家思想成为主流哲学，帝国依赖于一类士大夫。他们希望自己和家人在死后得到满足，大量的粘土被制成从粗陶器到细釉瓷器的模型，是在一系列社会阶层的墓葬中装饰明器的理想媒介。
介绍（英）	This animal pen is populated with goats, tended to with one hand by a mother who cradles an infant in her other arm. It is typical of mingqi or "spirit utensils" that accompanied the deceased in burials of the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220 A.D.). Replicas of farm animals, utilitarian objects, and entertainers were believed to provide nourishment and amusement for the soul of the tomb occupant. The elevated structure serves as an architectural record of rustic buildings that would have been part of a large agricultural estate, and preserves in clay details of wooden design and construction—such as the low-pitched roof with a series of wood rafters flanging from a central beam—that have long since disintegrated above ground. The popularization of mingqi over the course of the Han dynasty (206 B.C.–220 A.D.) reflects dramatic changes in Chinese society, illustrating how power circulated beyond the imperial government and nobility to a broader bureaucratic class. In the early years of the Han, Confucianism emerged as the dominant philosophy and the empire became dependent on a class of scholar-officials. They desired gratification for themselves and their families in the afterlife and plentiful clay, fashioned into models ranging from crude earthenware to fine glazed stoneware, was the ideal medium for furnishing mingqi in burials across a swath of social strata.