《公牛》，来自Shahmardan ibn Abi’l Khayr的分散Nuzhatnama-i‘Ala’i的对开本 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	《公牛》，来自Shahmardan ibn Abi’l Khayr的分散Nuzhatnama-i‘Ala’i的对开本
品名（英）	"A Bull", Folio from a Dispersed Nuzhatnama-i ‘Ala’i of Shahmardan ibn Abi’l Khayr
入馆年号	1913年，13.160.7
策展部门	伊斯兰艺术（Islamic Art）
创作者	Shamardan ibn Abi 'l Khayr【1075 至 1125】【伊朗人】
创作年份	公元 1400 - 公元 1425
创作地区	归属于: 伊朗（Attributed to: Iran）
分类	密码（Codices）
尺寸	Painting with Text Block: 高 7 1/8 英寸 (18.1 厘米) 宽 4 1/4 英寸 (10.8 厘米) Page: 高 9 3/4 英寸 (24.8 厘米) 宽 6 9/16 英寸 (16.7 厘米) Mat:: 高 19 1/4 英寸 (48.9 厘米) 宽 14 1/4 英寸 (36.2 厘米)
介绍（中）	这一页的百科全书文本写于1095年至1119年，由两部分组成，一部分专门介绍自然的三个王国，包括人类、动物、农业和矿产，另一部分介绍各种科学和伪科学。十九对开本，三十三幅图像现存，广泛分布在欧洲和北美的博物馆中。动物的插图，比如这幅公牛的插图，其特点是没有边缘规则和地平线。这本手稿的其他特征包括左边的飞虫和右边的蝴蝶，这表明这是十六世纪末或十七世纪初。用水洗而不是16世纪初波斯绘画中习惯的饱和颜料绘制岩石、树叶和花朵，让人想起1600年左右伊斯法罕一些画家的作品中的类似处理。然而，一方面，这里缺乏伊斯法罕作品特有的书法线条轮廓，另一方面，缺乏其他流派的可供比较的图像，这使得将手稿分配到特定的生产地是站不住脚的。
介绍（英）	The encyclopaedic text from which this page comes was written between 1095 and 1119 and consists of two parts, one devoted to the three kingdoms of nature, including humans, animals, agriculture and minerals and the other to various sciences and pseudosciences. Nineteen folios with thirty-three images are extant and widely dispersed in museums in Europe and North America. The illustrations of animals, such as this one of a bull, are characterized by the absence of marginal rulings and a horizon line. Other features specific to this manuscript include flying insects, as seen here at the left and butterflies as at the right, which suggest a late sixteenth or early seventeenth century date. The painting of rocks, leaves and flowers with wash instead of the customary saturated pigments of early sixteenth-century Persian painting recall the similar treatment in the work of some Isfahan painters around 1600. However, the absence here of the calligraphic line defining contours characteristic of those Isfahan works on the one hand and the dearth of closely comparable images from other schools on the other make the assignment of the manuscript to a specific place of production untenable.