历史佛陀之死（尼汉祖） - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	历史佛陀之死（尼汉祖）
品名（英）	Death of the Historical Buddha (Nehan-zu)
入馆年号	1912年，12.134.10
策展部门	亚洲艺术（Asian Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1300 - 公元 1333
创作地区
分类	绘画（Paintings）
尺寸	图像: 77 1/2 × 74 1/4 英寸 (196.9 × 188.6 厘米) 整体 with mounting: 10 ft. 10 英寸 × 77 1/2 英寸 (330.2 × 196.9 厘米) 整体 with knobs: 10 ft. 10 英寸 × 86 1/4 英寸 (330.2 × 219.1 厘米)
介绍（中）	佛教的基本教义在释迦牟尼佛涅槃的绘画中是明确的，他从尘世生活到觉悟者的最终目标：通过否定导致生命内在痛苦的欲望来摆脱存在的束缚。在漫长的教学生涯之后，在最后的恍惚中面向西方，佛陀的金色身体带有他开悟本性的印记。覆盖头部的短卷发表明他的禁欲生活，而装饰着沉重珠宝的细长耳垂则反映了他作为王子的出生。颅突和眉间有一圈光，证明了他透彻的智慧。那些目睹佛陀从尘世生活中逝去的人，在他们的悲伤程度中揭示了他们自己不完美的觉悟程度。达到成佛精神觉悟的菩萨，表现出庄严的宁静。除了菩萨在啤酒中心附近以僧侣的身份拿着宝石出现外，这些神灵都被设想在王子的祭祀中覆盖着金色的身体。剃光头的弟子痛哭流涕，皈依佛陀教义的多肢印度教神灵和守护者也是如此。每个阶层的男人和女人，加上三十多只动物，为他们对佛教理想的不完全理解而悲伤。甚至萨拉树的花朵也会改变色调，因为佛陀的母亲玛雅女王从右上角哭泣而下。
介绍（英）	Essential tenets of Buddhism are explicit in paintings of the Buddha Shakyamuni’s nirvana, his passing from earthly life to the ultimate goal of an enlightened being: release from the bonds of existence through negation of desires that cause life’s intrinsic suffering. Facing westward in a final trance after a long life of teaching, the golden body of the Buddha bears the marks of his enlightened nature. Short curls covering his head indicate his ascetic life, while elongated earlobes adorned with heavy jewelry reflect his birth as a prince. A cranial protuberance and a circle of light between his brows attest to his penetrating wisdom. Those witnessing the Buddha’s passing from earthly life reveal their own imperfect level of enlightenment in the extent of their grief. Bodhisattvas, who have achieved the spiritual enlightenment of Buddhahood, show a solemn serenity. Except for the Bodhisattva Jizō, who appears as a monk holding a jewel near the center of the bier, these deities are envisioned in princely raiment covering their golden bodies. Shaven-headed disciples weep bitterly, as do the multi-limbed Hindu deities and guardians who have been converted to the Buddha’s teaching. Men and women of every class, joined by more than thirty animals, grieve in their imperfect understanding of the Buddhist ideal. Even the blossoms of the sala trees change hue, as Queen Maya, mother of the Buddha, descends weeping from upper right.